Adaptation level as a factor in human wavelength generalization.

1974 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Tomie ◽  
David R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Level

Adaptation-Level Theory

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 773-774
Author(s):  
JACOB BECK
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Adaptation Level Theory

Moderating Role of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in the Relationship Between Tinnitus and Hearing Loss Among Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-772
Author(s):  
Ammar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel ◽  
Tanvir Akhtar ◽  
Sammeen Salim ◽  
Bashir Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Theory ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Adaptation level theory of tinnitus and neuropsychological theory of tinnitus are extensively used frameworks for understanding emotional and psychological distress among tinnitus sufferers. Objective of the present study was to investigate potential associations between hearing loss, tinnitus, anxiety, depression, and stress. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (Newman, Jacobson, & Spitzer, 1996) and the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995)scales were administered to a sample of 110 tinnitus outpatients recruited from Audiology departments of Lahore and Rawalpindi hospitals. Results revealed tinnitus was positively linked with psychological problems. Additionally, it was established that tinnitus is a positive significant predictor for anxiety, stress and depression. The moderation models related to the interactions between psychological problems and hearing loss were negative significant predictors for tinnitus symptoms. Moreover, the comparative analysis between gender differences revealed a significant diversity in the levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. Results also elucidated that patients at initial stages of hearing loss were more prone towards reporting tinnitus symptoms along with emerging psychological problems.

Test Item Arrangement and Adaptation Level

1975 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Barcikowski ◽  
Henry Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Test Item ◽  
Adaptation Level

The Effect of Set on the Two-Point Tactual Threshold

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anima Sen
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Test Stimulus ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Critical Stimulus ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Control Series ◽  
Longitudinal Line ◽  
Adaptation Level Theory ◽  
The Right

This experiment studies the influence of set on the two-point tactual threshold. The two-point limen (critical stimulus) was determined along the mid-longitudinal line of both volar and dorsal surfaces of the right forearms of seven university students. Test-stimuli were selected at 3 mm. steps both up and down from each of the critical stimuli. Each of these test-stimuli was presented separately, the critical stimulus being interpolated 30 times in each test of the series. The proportions of two-point and one-point responses to the critical stimulus were then determined again in a control series. It was found that, as the test-stimulus deviated in the positive direction from the critical stimulus, the proportion of two-point responses to the critical stimulus increased, reached a maximum and then began to decline. A similar rise and fall in one-point responses were found in the opposite direction. The results were explained by Adaptation Level Theory.

Product Review: High Dynamic Range Displays

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Ledda
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
High Dynamic Range ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
3D Software

In the natural world, the human eye is confronted with a wide range of colors and luminances. A surface lit by moonlight might have a luminance level of around 10−3 cd/m2, while surfaces lit during a sunny day could reach values larger than 105 cd/m2. A good quality CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor is only able to achieve a maximum luminance of around 200 to 300 cd/m2 and a contrast ratio of not more than two orders of magnitude. In this context the contrast ratio or dynamic range is defined as the ratio of the highest to the lowest luminance. We call high dynamic range (HDR) images, those images (or scenes) in which the contrast ratio is larger than what a display can reproduce. In practice, any scene that contains some sort of light source and shadows is HDR. The main problem with HDR images is that they cannot be displayed, therefore although methods to create them do exist (by taking multiple photographs at different exposure times or using computer graphics 3D software for example) it is not possible to see both bright and dark areas simultaneously. (See Figure 1.) There is data that suggests that our eyes can see detail at any given adaptation level within a contrast of 10,000:1 between the brightest and darkest regions of a scene. Therefore an ideal display should be able to reproduce this range. In this review, we present two high dynamic range displays developed by Brightside Technologies (formerly Sunnybrook Technologies) which are capable, for the first time, of linearly displaying high contrast images. These displays are of great use for both researchers in the vision/graphics/VR/medical fields as well as professionals in the VFX/gaming/architectural industry.

Peaked Encoding of Relative Luminance in Macaque Areas V1 and V2

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 1620-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinmiao Peng ◽  
David C. Van Essen
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Luminance Level ◽  
Adaptation Level ◽  
Luminance Change ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Early Visual Cortex

It is widely presumed that throughout the primate visual pathway neurons encode the relative luminance of objects (at a given light adaptation level) using two classes of monotonic function, one positively and the other negatively sloped. Based on computational considerations, we hypothesized that early visual cortex also contains neurons preferring intermediate relative luminance values. We tested this hypothesis by recording from single neurons in areas V1 and V2 of alert, fixating macaque monkeys during presentation of a large, spatially uniform patch oscillating slowly in luminance and surrounded by a static texture background. A substantial subset of neurons responsive to such low spatial frequency luminance stimuli in both areas exhibited prominent and statistically reliable response peaks to intermediate rather than minimal or maximal luminance values. When presented with static patches of different luminance but of the same spatial configuration, most neurons tested retained a preference for intermediate relative luminance. Control experiments using luminance modulation at multiple low temporal frequencies or reduced amplitude indicate that in the slow luminance-oscillating paradigm, responses were more strongly modulated by the luminance level than the rate of luminance change. These results strongly support our hypothesis and reveal a striking cortical transformation of luminance-related information that may contribute to the perception of surface brightness and lightness. In addition, we tested many luminance-sensitive neurons with large chromatic patches oscillating slowly in luminance. Many cells, including the gray-preferring neurons, exhibited strong color preferences, suggesting a role of luminance-sensitive cells in encoding information in three-dimensional color space.

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