Perceptual orientation and empathy.

1973 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Martin ◽  
Tim C. Toomey
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Orientation

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

scholarly journals The association between number magnitude and space is dependent on notation: Evidence from an adaptive perceptual orientation task

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-54
Author(s):  
Tianwei Gong ◽  
Baichen Li ◽  
Limei Teng ◽  
Zijun Zhou ◽  
Xuefei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Judgment Task ◽  
Snarc Effect ◽  
Number Word ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Number Words ◽  
Number Magnitude ◽  
Spatial Response ◽  
Orientation Task ◽  
Arabic Digits ◽  
Perceptual Orientation

Research on adults' numerical abilities suggests that number representations are spatially oriented. This association of numbers with spatial response is referred to as the SNARC (i.e., spatial–numerical association of response codes) effect. The notation-independence hypothesis of numeric processing predicts that the SNARC effect will not vary with notation (e.g., Arabic vs. number word). To test such assumption, the current study introduced an adaptive experimental procedure based on a simple perceptual orientation task that can automatically smooth out the mean reaction time difference between Arabic digits and traditional Chinese number. We found that the SNARC effect interacted with notation, showing a SNARC effect for Arabic digits, but not for verbal number words. The results of this study challenged the commonly held view that notation does not affect numerical processes associated with spatial representations. We introduced a parallel model to explain the notation-dependent SNARC effect in the perceptual orientation judgment task.

scholarly journals Perceptual orientation judgements in astronauts: pre-flight results

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 869-869
Author(s):  
R. T. Dyde ◽  
J. E. Zacher ◽  
M. R. Jenkin ◽  
H. L. Jenkin ◽  
L. R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Orientation

scholarly journals Correlates of Perceptual Orientation Biases in Human Primary Visual Cortex

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (18) ◽  
pp. 4744-4750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Patten ◽  
Damien J. Mannion ◽  
Colin W.G. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Perceptual Orientation

Sedimentation of Habits and Orienting Experiences

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Peckruhn
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Race Perception ◽  
The World ◽  
Disembodied Mind ◽  
Perceptual Orientation

Chapter 4 pivots around experiences of race, and explores social and cultural habitation to sensory perceptions and meanings. It discusses the sensorium of race perception beyond the visual, and provides historical and cultural examples of how perceiving bodily Others emerges in and is maintained by sensory experiences. It explores how understanding our orientations and perspectives on the world as fundamentally embedded in and emerging from our bodily manner of existence allows us to begin grasping how it is not reason or intellectual reflection alone by which we can address perceptual alignments that might appear problematic to us. Habits and socio-cultural practices are not simply matters of belief or conviction held in a disembodied mind, but are embedded within our bodily perceptual orientation.

Body schema dynamics in Merleau-Ponty

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
Jan Halák
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Structure ◽  
Symbolic Cognition ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Sense ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter presents an account of Merleau-Ponty’s interpretation of the body schema as an operative intentionality that is not only opposed to, but also complexly intermingled with, the representation-like grasp of the world and one’s own body, or the body image. The chapter reconstructs Merleau-Ponty’s position primarily based on his preparatory notes for his 1953 lecture ‘The Sensible World and the World of Expression’. Here, Merleau-Ponty elaborates his earlier efforts to show that the body schema is a perceptual ground against which the perceived world stands out as a complex of perceptual figures. The chapter clarifies how Merleau-Ponty’s renewed interpretation of the figure-ground structure makes it possible for him to describe the relationship between body schema and perceptual (body) image as a strictly systematic phenomenon. Subsequently, the chapter shows how Merleau-Ponty understands apraxia, sleep, and perceptual orientation as examples of dedifferentiation and subtler differentiation of the body-schematic system. The last section clarifies how such body-schematic differentiating processes give rise to relatively independent superstructures of vision and symbolic cognition which constitute our body image. It, moreover, explains how, according to Merleau-Ponty, the cognitive superstructures always need to be supported by praxic operative intentionality to maintain their full sense, even though, in some cases, they have the power to compensate for praxic deficiencies.

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