Circadian rhythms of locomotor activity in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) measured with two different techniques.

1973 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgen Aschoff ◽  
Jaroslav Figala ◽  
Ernst Poppel
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus

scholarly journals Assaying Locomotor Activity to Study Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Parameters in Drosophila

10.3791/2157 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna C. Chiu ◽  
Kwang Huei Low ◽  
Douglas H. Pike ◽  
Evrim Yildirim ◽  
Isaac Edery
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Gustatory Responses of the Hamster Mesocricetus auratus to Various Compounds Considered Sweet by Humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 2102-2112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicktoria Danilova ◽  
Göran Hellekant ◽  
Jean-Marie Tinti ◽  
Claude Nofre
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Taste Aversion ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Conditioned Taste Aversion ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Taste Sensation ◽  
Sodium Cyclamate

Danilova, Vicktoria, Göran Hellekant, Jean-Marie Tinti, and Claude Nofre. Gustatory responses of the hamster Mesocricetus auratus to various compounds considered sweet by humans. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2102–2112, 1998. The taste of 30 compounds was studied in the golden hamster with three different methods: single-fiber recordings, two-bottle preference (TBP), and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) tests. On the whole, the results showed that the sense of taste in the hamster differs in many respects from that in humans because, of 26 tested compounds known as sweet to humans, 11 had no taste or tasted differently. The results also supported the notion that activity in S-fibers elicits liking and activity in Q- or H-fibers rejection. Specifically hierarchial cluster analysis of 36 single fibers from the chorda tympani proper nerve separated N-, H-, and S-clusters consisting of 11 sucrose-, 14 NaCl-, and 11 citric-best fibers. Ace-K, cyanosuosan, N-4-cyanophenyl- N′-cyanoguanidineacetate (CCGA), d-tryptophan, N-3,5-dichlorophenyl- N′-( S)-α-methylbenzylguanidineacetate (DMGA), saccharin, SC-45647, and suosan stimulated only the S-fibers, were significantly preferred in TBP tests, and generalized to sucrose in the CTA tests. Ethylene glycol stimulated the N-fibers in addition to the S-fibers. This explains its generalization to sucrose in CTA. Its toxicity may contribute to its rejection in TBP tests. Sodium cyclamate stimulated a few N- but no S-fibers, which may explain the nondiscriminatory TBP and CTA results. Glycine elicited its largest response in the S-fibers, although it also stimulated other fibers. The resulting mixed taste sensation may explain why it was not preferred in TBP, although it generalized to sucrose in the CTA. Alitame, aspartame, N-4-cyanophenylcarbamoyl-l-aspartyl-( R)-α-methylbenzylamine (CAM), N-4-cyanophenylcarbamoyl-( R, S)-3-amino-3-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl) propionic acid (CAMPA), N-( S)-2-methylhexanoyl-l-glutamyl-5-amino-2-pyridinecarbonitrile (MAGAP), N-1-naphthoyl-l-glutamyl-5-amino-2-pyridinecarbonitrile (NAGAP), NHDHC, superaspartame, and thaumatin were among the compounds considered sweet by humans that gave no response, were not discriminated in the TBP test, and gave no generalization in the CTA tests.

scholarly journals Drugs of Abuse Can Entrain Circadian Rhythms

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. K. Kosobud ◽  
Andrea G. Gillman ◽  
Joseph K. Leffel ◽  
Norman C. Pecoraro ◽  
G. V. Rebec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Drug Reward ◽  
Locomotor Stimulation ◽  
Almost All

Circadian rhythms prepare organisms for predictable events during the Earth's 24-h day. These rhythms are entrained by a variety of stimuli. Light is the most ubiquitous and best known zeitgeber, but a number of others have been identified, including food, social cues, locomotor activity, and, most recently drugs of abuse. Given the diversity of zeitgebers, it is probably not surprising that genes capable of clock functions are located throughout almost all organs and tissues. Recent evidence suggests that drugs of abuse can directly entrain some circadian rhythms. We have report here that entrainment by drugs of abuse is independent of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the light/dark cycle, is not dependent on direct locomotor stimulation, and is shared by a variety of classes of drugs of abuse. We suggest that drug-entrained rhythms reflect variations in underlying neurophysiological states. This could be the basis for known daily variations in drug metabolism, tolerance, and sensitivity to drug reward. These rhythms could also take the form of daily periods of increased motivation to seek and take drugs, and thus contribute to abuse, addiction and relapse.

Effects of volatile anesthetics on the circadian rhythms of rat hippocampal acetylcholine release and locomotor activity

Neuroscience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kikuchi ◽  
H. Tan ◽  
T. Mihara ◽  
K. Uchimoto ◽  
D. Mitsushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Acetylcholine Release ◽  
Volatile Anesthetics
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