Color vision and color naming: A psychophysiological hypothesis of cultural difference.

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Cultural Difference ◽  
Color Naming

Testing Color Vision in Children

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Career Interests ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Vision Defect ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects

It is important to screen for acquired or hereditary color vision defects as early as possible. Color vision is a critical part of the early learning experience, and children who have color deficiencies may have difficulties compared to their peers if there is color-based schoolwork. It becomes important for career interests/goals for older children as some jobs may require normal color vision. Hereditary red-green deficiencies are X-linked and therefore affect approximately 8% of males and less than 1% of females. Acquired color vision defects and blue-yellow defects are rare in the pediatric population; therefore, these conditions will be discussed minimally in this chapter. Infants are able to discern color by 2-3 months of age, but accurate color naming may not develop until 4-6 years of age. Screening tests are sensitive, fast, and easy to administer. If a deficiency is suspected through screening, further testing must be evaluated in order to determine the type and severity of the color vision defect. Color vision is typically tested starting at age 3 years and up.

scholarly journals Colors and Things

i-Perception ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 204166952095843
Author(s):  
Jan Koenderink ◽  
Andrea van Doorn ◽  
Karl Gegenfurtner
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Object Properties ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
Mental Paint ◽  
The Way

How many colors are there? Quoted numbers range from ten million to a dozen. Are colors object properties? Opinions range all the way from of course they are to no, colors are just mental paint. These questions are ill-posed. We submit that the way to tackle such questions is to adopt a biological approach, based on the evolutionary past of hominins. Hunter-gatherers in tundra or savannah environments have various, mutually distinct uses for color. Color differences aid in segmenting the visual field, whereas color qualia aid in recognizing objects. Classical psychophysics targets the former, but mostly ignores the latter, whereas experimental phenomenology, for instance in color naming, is relevant for recognition. Ecological factors, not anatomical/physiological ones, limit the validity of qualia as distinguishing signs. Spectral databases for varieties of daylight and object reflectance factors allow one to model this. The two questions are really one. A valid question that may replace both is how many distinguishing signs does color vision offer in the hominin Umwelt? The answer turns out to be about a thousand. The reason is that colors are formally not object properties but pragmatically are useful distinguishing signs.

Categorical Color Naming of Surface Color Codes by People With Abnormal Color Vision

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARRY L. COLE ◽  
KA-YEE LIAN ◽  
KEN SHARPE ◽  
CAROL LAKKIS
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Surface Color

scholarly journals Assessment of #TheDress With Traditional Color Vision Tests: Perception Differences Are Associated With Blueness

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204166951876419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Feitosa-Santana ◽  
Margaret Lutze ◽  
Pablo A. Barrionuevo ◽  
Dingcai Cao
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Bright Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Color Vision Tests ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Common Association

Based on known color vision theories, there is no complete explanation for the perceptual dichotomy of #TheDress in which most people see either white-and-gold (WG) or blue-and-black (BK). We determined whether some standard color vision tests (i.e., color naming, color matching, anomaloscope settings, unique white settings, and color preferences), as well as chronotypes, could provide information on the color perceptions of #TheDress. Fifty-two young observers were tested. Fifteen of the observers (29%) reported the colors as BK, 21 (40%) as WG, and 16 (31%) reported a different combination of colors. Observers who perceived WG required significantly more blue in their unique white settings than those who perceived BK. The BK, blue-and-gold, and WG observer groups had significantly different color preferences for the light cyan chip. Moreland equation anomaloscope matching showed a significant difference between WG and BK observers. In addition, #TheDress color perception categories, color preference outcomes, and unique white settings had a common association. For both the bright and dark regions of #TheDress, the color matching chromaticities formed a continuum, approximately following the daylight chromaticity locus. Color matching to the bright region of #TheDress showed two nearly distinct clusters (WG vs. BK) along the daylight chromaticity locus and there was a clear cutoff for reporting WG versus BK. All results showing a significant difference involved blue percepts, possibly due to interpretations of the illuminant interactions with the dress material. This suggests that variations in attributing blueness to the #TheDress image may be significant variables determining color perception of #TheDress.

scholarly journals Color preference in red–green dichromats

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (30) ◽  
pp. 9316-9321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Álvaro ◽  
Humberto Moreira ◽  
Julio Lillo ◽  
Anna Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Cone Photoreceptor ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Normal Trichromat ◽  
Cone Type

Around 2% of males have red–green dichromacy, which is a genetic disorder of color vision where one type of cone photoreceptor is missing. Here we investigate the color preferences of dichromats. We aim (i) to establish whether the systematic and reliable color preferences of normal trichromatic observers (e.g., preference maximum at blue, minimum at yellow-green) are affected by dichromacy and (ii) to test theories of color preference with a dichromatic sample. Dichromat and normal trichromat observers named and rated how much they liked saturated, light, dark, and focal colors twice. Trichromats had the expected pattern of preference. Dichromats had a reliable pattern of preference that was different to trichromats, with a preference maximum rather than minimum at yellow and a much weaker preference for blue than trichromats. Color preference was more affected in observers who lacked the cone type sensitive to long wavelengths (protanopes) than in those who lacked the cone type sensitive to medium wavelengths (deuteranopes). Trichromats’ preferences were summarized effectively in terms of cone-contrast between color and background, and yellow-blue cone-contrast could account for dichromats’ pattern of preference, with some evidence for residual red–green activity in deuteranopes’ preference. Dichromats’ color naming also could account for their color preferences, with colors named more accurately and quickly being more preferred. This relationship between color naming and preference also was present for trichromat males but not females. Overall, the findings provide novel evidence on how dichromats experience color, advance the understanding of why humans like some colors more than others, and have implications for general theories of aesthetics.

Selective vision

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Psychophysical Studies ◽  
Anthropological Literature

The physics of color and the psychology of color naming are not isomorphic. Physically, the spectrum is continuous with regard to wavelength – one point in the spectrum differs from another only by the amount of wavelength difference. Psychologically, hue is categorical – colors change qualitatively from one wavelength region to another. The psychological characterization of hue that characterizes color vision has been revealed in a series of modern psychophysical studies with human adults and infants and with various infrahuman species, including vertebrates and invertebrates. These biopsychological data supplant an older psycholinguistic and anthropological literature that posited that language and culture alone influence perceptual processes; language and culture may modify color naming beyond basic categorizations.

scholarly journals Somali color vision and color naming

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
D. Lindsey ◽  
A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Naming

Color naming and categorization in inherited color vision deficiencies

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALÉRIE BONNARDEL
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Consensus Analysis ◽  
Color Categorization

Dichromatic subjects can name colors accurately, even though they cannot discriminate among red-green hues (Jameson & Hurvich, 1978). This result is attributed to a normative language system that dichromatic observers developed by learning subtle visual cues to compensate for their impoverished color system. The present study used multidimensional scaling techniques to compare color categorization spaces of color-vision deficient (CVD) subjects to those of normal trichromat (NT) subjects, and consensus analysis estimated the normative effect of language on categorization. Subjects sorted 140 Munsell color samples in three different ways: a free sorting task (unlimited number of categories), a constrained sorting task (number of categories limited to eight), and a constrained naming task (limited to eight basic color terms). CVD color categories were comparable to those of NT subjects. For both CVD and NT subjects, a common color categorization space derived from the three tasks was well described by a three-dimensional model, with the first two dimensions corresponding to reddish-greenish and yellowish-bluish axes. However, the third axis, which was associated with an achromatic dimension in NTs, was not identified in the CVD model. Individual differences multidimensional scaling failed to reveal group differences in the sorting tasks. In contrast, the personal color naming spaces of CVD subjects exhibited a relative compression of the yellowish-bluish dimension that is inconsistent with the typical deutan-type color spaces derived from more direct measures of perceptual color judgments. As expected, the highest consensus among CVDs (77%) and NTs (82%) occurred in the naming task. The categorization behaviors studied in this experiment seemed to rely more on learning factors, and may reveal little about CVD perceptual representation of colors.

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