Memory search in a Brown-Peterson short-term memory paradigm.

1973 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Gorfein ◽  
David E. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Task conditions and short-term memory search: two-phase model of STM search

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosław Orzechowski ◽  
Edward Nęcka ◽  
Robert Balas
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Phase Model ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract Short-term memory (STM) search, as investigated within the Sternberg paradigm, is usually described as exhaustive rather than self-terminated, although the debate concerning these issues is still hot. We report three experiments employing a modified Sternberg paradigm and show that whether STM search is exhaustive or self-terminated depends on task conditions. Specifically, STM search self-terminates as soon as a positive match is found, whereas exhaustive search occurs when the STM content does not contain a searched item. Additionally, we show that task conditions influence whether familiarity- or recollection-based strategies dominate STM search performance. Namely, when speeding up the tempo of stimuli presentation increases the task demands, people use familiarity-based retrieval more often, which results in faster but less accurate recognition judgments. We conclude that STM search processes flexibly adapt to current task conditions and finally propose two-phase model of STM search.

Computational modeling of individual differences in short term memory search

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Chuderski ◽  
Zbigniew Stettner ◽  
Jaroslaw Orzechowski
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Breakfast and performance in schoolchildren

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Dickie ◽  
A. E. Bender
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Tests ◽  
And Performance

1. The results from two studies are reported of the effects on mental performance of omitting breakfast. The objective of the first study was to compare the performances of schoolchildren who habitually ate or did not eat breakfast. In the second study the effectsof omitting breakfast by those accustomed to eating the morning meal were investigated.2. Mental performance was assessed by two short-term memory tests (a simple cancellation test in which paired letters were marked on a page of random letters) and a memory-search test in which tines containing a group of specified fetters were marked, a series of numerical additions, and an attention-demanding test (in which specified statements had to be verified).3. Neither study revealed differences attributable to the omission or consumption of breakfast.

Scheduling Processes in Working Memory: Instructions Control the Order of Memory Search and Mental Arithmetic

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addie Ehrenstein ◽  
Richard Schweickert ◽  
Sangsup Choi ◽  
Robert W. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Opposite Order

Humans must often use working memory to execute processes one at a time because of its limited capacity. Two experiments tested where limits in access to working memory occur. Subjects searched a short-term memory set for one stimulus digit and performed mental arithmetic with another stimulus digit. In one experiment, they were told to carry out the mental arithmetic before the memory search and to make the arithmetic response first. In the other, they were instructed to perform the tasks in the opposite order. The overt responses were executed in the prescribed order. Moreover, the covert working memory processes were executed in the prescribed order, as revealed by a critical path network analysis of reaction times. Results are explained in terms of a double-bottleneck model in which central processes and responses are constrained to be carried out for one task at a time.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Working, Declarative, and Procedural Memory in Children With Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4162-4178
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson ◽  
Suze Leitão ◽  
Mary Claessen ◽  
Mark Boyes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Spatial

Purpose Previous research into the working, declarative, and procedural memory systems in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this research was to profile these memory systems in children with DLD and their typically developing peers. Method One hundred four 5- to 8-year-old children participated in the study. Fifty had DLD, and 54 were typically developing. Aspects of the working memory system (verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, and visual–spatial short-term memory) were assessed using a nonword repetition test and subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Verbal and visual–spatial declarative memory were measured using the Children's Memory Scale, and an audiovisual serial reaction time task was used to evaluate procedural memory. Results The children with DLD demonstrated significant impairments in verbal short-term and working memory, visual–spatial short-term memory, verbal declarative memory, and procedural memory. However, verbal declarative memory and procedural memory were no longer impaired after controlling for working memory and nonverbal IQ. Declarative memory for visual–spatial information was unimpaired. Conclusions These findings indicate that children with DLD have deficits in the working memory system. While verbal declarative memory and procedural memory also appear to be impaired, these deficits could largely be accounted for by working memory skills. The results have implications for our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying language impairment in the DLD population; however, further investigation of the relationships between the memory systems is required using tasks that measure learning over long-term intervals. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13250180

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