Maternal employment and perception of sex roles among college students.

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (3, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vogel Susan R. ◽  
Broverman Inge K. ◽  
Broverman Donald M. ◽  
Clarkson Frank E. ◽  
Rosenkrantz Paul S.
1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 559-562
Author(s):  
Claire Etaugh ◽  
Sharon Weber

48 female and 48 male college students used the Bern Sex-role Inventory to describe either a young or middle-aged woman or man. Female subjects perceived that women become increasingly feminine and less androgynous with age. No age-related changes were perceived in men's sex-role behaviors.


1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Bridges ◽  
Ann Marie Orza

This study examined college students' perceptions of different maternal employment-childrearing patterns: continuous employment after 6 weeks of maternity leave, interrupted employment until the child was in first grade, or nonemployment after the child's birth. Primarily Caucasian lower-middle-class volunteers ( n = 200) from a public university read a description of a mother who followed one of these patterns. Results showed that the mother who was continuously employed was rated as less communal and was less positively evaluated than either the mother who interrupted her employment or the nonemployed mother. Further, her child was expected to experience more negative outcomes than the children of either of the other two mothers. Discussion focuses on social role theory and college students' role expectations.


1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1119-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy C. Pearson

A factor analysis of items in the Bern Sex-role Inventory, the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, and Heilbrun's Masculinity and Femininity scales yielded 11 factors. College students ( n = 400) at a large midwestern university completed the items from the three instruments. The solution that emerged suggests that sex roles are multidimensional and that masculinity may be more factorially complex.


Sex Roles ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephany Stone Joy ◽  
Paula Sachs Wise

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. Breen ◽  
Brent Vulcano ◽  
Dennis G. Dyck

College students (both male and female) were exposed to insoluble, soluble, no discrimination problems and an observational learning condition. Following pretreatment the subjects were given 20 soluble anagrams. Subsequent to this they were asked to make attributional ratings for their success or failure. It was hypothesized that (a) subjects not given a helplessness pretreatment but merely viewing a similar other receiving insoluble problems would exhibit learned helplessness more than corresponding subjects given soluble problems or no pretreatment and (b) females exposed to the helplessness pretreatment would make internal attributions for failure more than males. The first hypothesis was supported, but not the second hypothesis. The present study did yield data which suggest value in pursuing the issue of sex differences in learned helplessness.


1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lee Spencer ◽  
Antonette M. Zeiss

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hall ◽  
Diana Beil-Warner

The relationship between birth order, family size, and assertiveness was investigated for 140 college students. No significant differences on assertiveness among the males categorized for birth order and family size were found. Female firstborns and females from families with 3 or fewer siblings were significantly higher in assertiveness scores than laterborn females and females from larger families. Sex-role identification stressing assertiveness was used to explain lack of differences among males. The newer emphasis on sex roles stressing achievement and assertive behavior was a possible explanation for differences among females related to ordinal position and family size.


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