Secondary task effects on serial verbal learning.

1970 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Trumbo ◽  
Merrill Noble
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Task ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Task Effects

Secondary-task effects on classification learning

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Foerde ◽  
Russell A. Poldrack ◽  
Barbara J. Knowlton
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Task ◽  
Classification Learning ◽  
Task Effects

Working Memory Constraints on Linear Reasoning with Spatial and Temporal Contents

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Vandierendonck ◽  
Gino De Vooght
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Secondary Tasks ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Content Domain ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Spatial Resources ◽  
Memory Constraints

The present article reports two experiments testing the use of working memory components during reasoning with temporal and spatial relations in four-term series problems. In the first experiment four groups of subjects performed reasoning tasks with temporal and with spatial contents either without (control) or with a secondary task (articulatory suppression, visuospatial suppression or central executive suppression). The second experiment tested the secondary task effects in a within-subjects design either on problems with a spatial content or on problems with a temporal content, and within each content domain either under conditions of self-paced or of fixed presentation of the premises. Both experiments found effects of all three secondary tasks on reasoning accuracy. This supports the hypothesis that the subjects construct spatial representations of the premise information with the support of visuo-spatial resources of working memory. The second experiment also showed that during premise intake, only visuo-spatial and central executive secondary tasks had an effect. The implications of the data for the working memory requirements of reasoning and for theories of linear reasoning are discussed.

Secondary-task effects on sequence learning

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Heuer ◽  
Volker Schmidtke
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Learning ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Task Effects

scholarly journals Memory under pressure: Secondary-task effects on contextual cueing of visual search

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 6-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Annac ◽  
A. A. Manginelli ◽  
S. Pollmann ◽  
Z. Shi ◽  
H. J. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Contextual Cueing ◽  
Task Effects

scholarly journals Selection in working memory is resource-demanding: Concurrent task effects on the retro-cue effect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-ting Lin ◽  
Edyta Sasin ◽  
Daryl Fougnie
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Dual Task Paradigm ◽  
Tone Discrimination ◽  
Dual Task Interference ◽  
Potential Issue

AbstractIn a retro-cue paradigm, after memorizing a set of objects, people are cued to remember only a subset. Improved memory from the retro-cue suggests that selection processes can benefit items stored in working memory. Does selection in working memory require attention? If so, an attention-demanding task should disrupt retro-cue effects. Studies using a dual-task paradigm have found mixed results, with only one study (Janczyk & Berryhill, Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 76 (3), 715–724, 2014) showing a decreased retro-cue effect by a secondary task. Here we explore a potential issue in that study – the temporal overlap of the secondary task response with the memory test presentation. This raises questions about whether the secondary task was impairing selection processes in memory or was impacting the memory response. We replicated their paradigm by inserting a tone discrimination task at the retro-cue offset, but we also included a condition in which the tone task and the memory test were temporally separated. In Experiment 1, performing the tone task did not impair the retro-cue effect. In Experiment 2, we added an articulatory suppression task as in Janczyk and Berryhill’s study, and we found that the requirement to execute the tone task impaired retro-cue effects. This impairment was independent of whether the tone and memory tasks overlapped. These findings suggest that internal prioritization can be impaired by dual-task interference, but may only occur when such interference is robust enough, for example, due to switching between multiple tasks.

scholarly journals Adaptive Walking in Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Orcioli-Silva ◽  
Lucas Simieli ◽  
Fabio Augusto Barbieri ◽  
Florindo Stella ◽  
Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Temporal Parameters ◽  
Task Effects ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Adaptive Gait

The aim of this study is to analyze dual-task effects on free and adaptive gait in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Nineteen elders with AD participated in the study. A veteran neuropsychiatrist established the degree of AD in the sample. To determine dual-task effects on free and adaptive gait, patients performed five trials for each experimental condition: free and adaptive gait with and without a dual-task (regressive countdown). Spatial and temporal parameters were collected through an optoelectronic tridimensional system. The central stride was analyzed in free gait, and the steps immediately before (approaching phase) and during the obstacle crossing were analyzed in adaptive gait. Results indicated that AD patients walked more slowly during adaptive gait and free gait, using conservative strategies when confronted either with an obstacle or a secondary task. Furthermore, patients sought for stability to perform the tasks, particularly for adaptive gait with dual task, who used anticipatory and online adjustments to perform the task. Therefore, the increase of task complexity enhances cognitive load and risk of falls for AD patients.

When Hearing Does Not Mean Understanding: On the Neural Processing of Syntactically Complex Sentences by Listeners With Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Margreet Vogelzang ◽  
Christiane M. Thiel ◽  
Stephanie Rosemann ◽  
Jochem W. Rieger ◽  
Esther Ruigendijk
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Sentence Complexity ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
And Task

Purpose Adults with mild-to-moderate age-related hearing loss typically exhibit issues with speech understanding, but their processing of syntactically complex sentences is not well understood. We test the hypothesis that listeners with hearing loss' difficulties with comprehension and processing of syntactically complex sentences are due to the processing of degraded input interfering with the successful processing of complex sentences. Method We performed a neuroimaging study with a sentence comprehension task, varying sentence complexity (through subject–object order and verb–arguments order) and cognitive demands (presence or absence of a secondary task) within subjects. Groups of older subjects with hearing loss ( n = 20) and age-matched normal-hearing controls ( n = 20) were tested. Results The comprehension data show effects of syntactic complexity and hearing ability, with normal-hearing controls outperforming listeners with hearing loss, seemingly more so on syntactically complex sentences. The secondary task did not influence off-line comprehension. The imaging data show effects of group, sentence complexity, and task, with listeners with hearing loss showing decreased activation in typical speech processing areas, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. No interactions between group, sentence complexity, and task were found in the neuroimaging data. Conclusions The results suggest that listeners with hearing loss process speech differently from their normal-hearing peers, possibly due to the increased demands of processing degraded auditory input. Increased cognitive demands by means of a secondary visual shape processing task influence neural sentence processing, but no evidence was found that it does so in a different way for listeners with hearing loss and normal-hearing listeners.

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