The ore in simultaneous and differential reversal: Acquisition task, acquisition criterion, and reversal task.

Abstract Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent among adolescents and research is needed to clarify the mechanisms which contribute to the behavior. Here, the authors relate behavioral neurocognitive measures of impulsivity and compulsivity to repetitive and sporadic NSSI in a community sample of adolescents. Methods Computerized laboratory tasks (Affective Go/No-Go, Cambridge Gambling Task, and Probabilistic Reversal Task) were used to evaluate cognitive performance. Participants were adolescents aged 15 to 17 with (n = 50) and without (n = 190) NSSI history, sampled from the ROOTS project which recruited adolescents from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire, UK. NSSI was categorized as sporadic (1-3 instances per year) or repetitive (4 or more instances per year). Analyses were carried out in a series of linear and negative binomial regressions, controlling for age, gender, intelligence, and recent depressive symptoms. Results Adolescents with lifetime NSSI, and repetitive NSSI specifically, made significantly more perseverative errors on the Probabilistic Reversal Task and exhibited significantly lower quality of decision making on the Cambridge Gambling Task compared to no-NSSI controls. Those with sporadic NSSI did not significantly differ from no-NSSI controls on task performance. NSSI was not associated with behavioral measures of impulsivity. Conclusions Repetitive NSSI is associated with increased behavioral compulsivity and disadvantageous decision making, but not with behavioral impulsivity. Future research should continue to investigate how neurocognitive phenotypes contribute to the onset and maintenance of NSSI, and determine whether compulsivity and addictive features of NSSI are potential targets for treatment.

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Enduring alterations in response patterns in rats exposed to lead (Pb) during early development: I. Two-choice olfactory serial reversal task

Neurotoxicology and Teratology ◽

10.1016/s0892-0362(96)90093-8 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 336

Author(s):

H. Garavan ◽

B.J. Strupp

Keyword(s):

Early Development ◽

Response Patterns ◽

Reversal Task ◽

Serial Reversal

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Decision modeling for a target acquisition task

Optical Engineering ◽

10.1117/1.1286508 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 2581 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masha Maltz

Keyword(s):

Decision Modeling ◽

Target Acquisition ◽

Acquisition Task

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Neuropsychological impairment in patients with major depressive disorder: the effects of feedback on task performance

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291702007018 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 455-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 177

Author(s):

F. C. MURPHY ◽

A. MICHAEL ◽

T. W. ROBBINS ◽

B. J. SAHAKIAN

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Negative Feedback ◽

Performance Feedback ◽

Visual Discrimination ◽

Negative Reinforcement ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Reversal Task ◽

Depressed Patients

Background. Recent evidence suggests that an abnormal response to performance feedback may contribute to the wide-ranging neuropsychological deficits typically associated with depressive illness. The present research sought to determine whether the inability of depressed patients to utilize performance feedback advantageously is equally true for accurate and misleading feedback.Method. Patients with major depression and matched controls completed: (1) a visual discrimination and reversal task that featured intermittent and misleading negative feedback; and (2) feedback and no-feedback versions of a computerised test of spatial working memory. In the feedback version, negative feedback was accurate, highly informative, and could be used as a mnemonic aid.Results. On the Probability Reversal task, depressed patients were impaired in their ability to maintain response set in the face of misleading negative feedback as shown by their increased tendency to switch responding to the ‘incorrect’ stimulus following negative reinforcement, relative to that of controls. Patients' ability to acquire and reverse the necessary visual discrimination was unimpaired. On the Spatial Working Memory task, depressed patients made significantly more between-search errors than controls on the most difficult trials, but their ability to use negative feedback to facilitate performance remained intact.Conclusions. The present results suggest that feedback can have different effects in different contexts. Misleading, negative feedback appears to disrupt the performance of depressed patients, whereas negative but accurate feedback does not. These findings are considered in the context of recent studies on reinforcement systems and their associated neurobiological substrates.

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