Selective attention and rate of discrimination learning as a function of intradimensional variability.

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-331
Author(s):  
Robert H. Rittle ◽  
Martin R. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Discrimination Learning

Selective attention and pigeons’ multiple necessary cues discrimination learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Teng ◽  
O.V. Vyazovska ◽  
E.A. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Discrimination Learning

Successive Reversals Involving Two Cues

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Discrimination Problem

Rats were trained on a visual discrimination problem with two relevant cues—brightness and orientation. They were then given eight reversals in succession on the same problem. After reversals 7 and 8 they were tested with each cue presented on its own to see how much they had learned about each. Individual animals tended to reverse the cue about which they learned more from reversals 7 to 8, so that animals that had learned reversal 7 mainly in terms of the brightness cue learned reversal 8 mainly in terms of the orientation cue and vice versa. The result provides further confirmation for a two-process model of discrimination learning in which one process is that of selective attention

Discrimination and Generalization of Complex Visual Shape Variations in Pigeons

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Ferraro ◽  
Michael G. Grisham
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Shape Similarity ◽  
Angular Orientation ◽  
Functional Representation ◽  
Key Pecking ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Visual Shape

Three experiments investigated stimulus control of key pecking in pigeons by varying the distance of vertices movement for a six-point complex visual shape. Ease of discrimination learning was monotonically related to the distance of vertices movement when the directions of vertices movement were held constant. As suggested by selective attention theory, steep generalization gradients were obtained following intradimensional differential training but not following nondifferential training or interdimensional differential training. These results indicate that, unlike the dimension of angular orientation or tilt, distance of vertices movement provides a consistent functional representation of complex shape similarity.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

Do Children With Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties With Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3036-3050
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Tessel Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.

Sensory and Cognitive Components of Auditory Processing in Individuals With Tinnitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-842
Author(s):  
Harini Vasudevan ◽  
Hari Prakash Palaniswamy ◽  
Ramaswamy Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Components ◽  
Mode Function ◽  
Related Potentials

Purpose The main purpose of the study is to explore the auditory selective attention abilities (using event-related potentials) and the neuronal oscillatory activity in the default mode network sites (using electroencephalogram [EEG]) in individuals with tinnitus. Method Auditory selective attention was measured using P300, and the resting state EEG was assessed using the default mode function analysis. Ten individuals with continuous and bothersome tinnitus along with 10 age- and gender-matched control participants underwent event-related potential testing and 5 min of EEG recording (at wakeful rest). Results Individuals with tinnitus were observed to have larger N1 and P3 amplitudes along with prolonged P3 latency. The default mode function analysis revealed no significant oscillatory differences between the groups. Conclusion The current study shows changes in both the early sensory and late cognitive components of auditory processing. The change in the P3 component is suggestive of selective auditory attention deficit, and the sensory component (N1) suggests an altered bottom-up processing in individuals with tinnitus.

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