Modality effects in short-term memory: Storage or retrieval?

1968 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennet B. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Modality Effects

scholarly journals The Commonality of Neural Networks for Verbal and Visual Short-term Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2570-2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Majerus ◽  
Arnaud D'Argembeau ◽  
Trecy Martinez Perez ◽  
Sanaâ Belayachi ◽  
Martial Van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Item Information ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
The Right

Although many neuroimaging studies have considered verbal and visual short-term memory (STM) as relying on neurally segregated short-term buffer systems, the present study explored the existence of shared neural correlates supporting verbal and visual STM. We hypothesized that networks involved in attentional and executive processes, as well as networks involved in serial order processing, underlie STM for both verbal and visual list information, with neural specificity restricted to sensory areas involved in processing the specific items to be retained. Participants were presented sequences of nonwords or unfamiliar faces, and were instructed to maintain and recognize order or item information. For encoding and retrieval phases, null conjunction analysis revealed an identical fronto-parieto-cerebellar network comprising the left intraparietal sulcus, bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the bilateral cerebellum, irrespective of information type and modality. A network centered around the right intraparietal sulcus supported STM for order information, in both verbal and visual modalities. Modality-specific effects were observed in left superior temporal and mid-fusiform areas associated with phonological and orthographic processing during the verbal STM tasks, and in right hippocampal and fusiform face processing areas during the visual STM tasks, wherein these modality effects were most pronounced when storing item information. The present results suggest that STM emerges from the deployment of modality-independent attentional and serial ordering processes toward sensory networks underlying the processing and storage of modality-specific item information.

Information-Transmission Method for Expressing Short-Term Memory Span as Channel Capacity

1976 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Slak
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Absolute Judgment ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Computational Aspects

A general method, including procedural and computational aspects, for expressing short-term memory span as channel capacity is described. The method is then illustrated on an experiment performed to determine the channel capacity for short-term memory storage of decimal digits of two subjects. Curves representing transmitted information as a function of input information are similar in shape to those obtained in information-transmission experiments on absolute judgment.

scholarly journals An Oscillatory Mechanism for Multi-level Storage in Short-term Memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Champion ◽  
Olivia Gozel ◽  
Benjamin Lankow ◽  
Bard Ermentrout ◽  
Mark Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Oscillatory Mechanism ◽  
Simple Phase

Oscillatory activity is commonly observed during the maintenance of information in short-term memory, but its role remains unclear. Non-oscillatory models of short-term memory storage are able to encode stimulus identity through their spatial patterns of activity, but are typically limited to either an all-or-none representation of stimulus amplitude or exhibit a biologically implausible exact-tuning condition. Here, we demonstrate a simple phase-locking mechanism by which oscillatory input enables a circuit to generate persistent or sequential activity patterns that encode information not only in their location but also in a discrete set of amplitudes.

Short-term memory storage and retention: an event-related brain potential study

1990 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Ruchkin ◽  
Ray Johnson ◽  
Howard Canoune ◽  
Walter Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Potential Study

Use of Long-Term Memory in Impression Formation

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rywick ◽  
Paul Schave
Keyword(s):  
Impression Formation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Dual Process Theory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Based on a dual-process theory of memory, it was hypothesized that the primacy effects often observed in impression-formation studies are due to a reliance on information in long-term, as opposed to short-term, memory storage. Variables which have been shown to affect either long-term or short-term memory were therefore manipulated in two impression-formation experiments. It was found that a delay following stimulus presentation (which reduces short-term memory) had no effect on impressions while inclusion of an irrelevant task during stimulus presentation (which reduces long-term memory) significantly reduced the degree of impression primacy.

scholarly journals Two modality effects in verbal short-term memory: Evidence from sentence recall

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Rummer ◽  
Judith Schweppe ◽  
Randi C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Sentence Recall

Short-term memory: Storage interference or storage decay?

1971 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Levy ◽  
Dennis Jowaisas
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Contribution of underlying processes to improved visuospatial working memory associated with physical activity

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3430
Author(s):  
Qingchun Ji ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Chenglin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Background Working memory is critical for various cognitive processes and can be separated into two stages: short-term memory storage and manipulation processing. Although previous studies have demonstrated that increased physical activity (PA) improves working memory and that males outperform females on visuospatial working memory tasks, few studies have determined the contribution of the two underlying stages to the visuospatial working memory improvement associated with PA. Thus, the aims of the present study were to verify the relationship between physical activity and visuospatial working memory, determine whether one or both stages were affected by PA, and investigate any sex differences. Methods A total of 56 undergraduate students were recruited for this study. Their scores on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used to separate them into either a lower PA (n = 26; IPAQ score ≤3,000 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week) or higher PA (n = 30; IPAQ score >3,000 MET-min/week) group. Participants were required to complete three tasks: a visuospatial working memory task, a task that examines the short-term memory storage stage, and a mental rotation task that examines the active manipulation stage. Results Participants in the higher PA group maintained similar accuracy but displayed significantly faster reaction times (RT) than those in the lower PA group on the visuospatial working memory and manipulation tasks. By contrast, no difference was observed between groups on the short-term memory storage task. In addition, no effects of sex were detected. Discussion Our results confirm that PA was positively to visuospatial working memory and that this positive relationship was associated with more rapid cognitive processing during the manipulation stage, with little or no relationship between PA and the memory storage stage of visuospatial working memory.

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