Paired-associate response latencies as a function of free association strength.

1968 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Associate Response

The Benefits of Quantifying Qualitative Brand Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-450
Author(s):  
Kaleel Rahman ◽  
Charles S. Areni
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Brand Associations

Researchers suggest quantification of qualitative data as an innovative approach to knowledge creation. Brand associations, a form of qualitative data, are common in measuring customer-based brand equity. The branding literature suggests that not all brand associations are equal. The strength, uniqueness and valence of brand associations need to be considered when assessing brand associations (Keller 1993). Although Keller's work is cited by many, no study has devised a method to quantify and integrate these three dimensions into a single index. This study provides an approach to address all three dimensions simultaneously. The approach first determines uniqueness of brand associations by coding associations into several mutually exclusive meaning categories. Then the serial order of free-association elicitation is used to assess association strength. The serial order, combined with a measure of valence, creates a quantification of open-ended brand associations called a ‘weighted valence index’ (WVI). In conclusion, the paper discusses the reliability and validity of the proposed measure.

Studies of Paired-Associate Learning as a Function of Normative Word-Association Strength

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Balch ◽  
S. I. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Word Association ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Association Data

A bibliography is provided of studies of paired-associate learning as a function of word-association strength inferred from normative collections of word-association data. Over 60 such studies have been published during the past decade.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Explicit Learning of Vocabulary of Chinese EFL Learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Jingjing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Paired Associate ◽  
Item Type ◽  
Explicit Learning ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
High Association ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Item Types

This study intends to find out how the retention of new vocabulary items could be affected by the item type (collocations versus single words), association strength between collocates and the collocate-node relationship. 101 Chinese EFL learners encountered the new items in paired-associate format. Participants were assigned to three groups: learning two types of collocations with high association strength, learning two types of collocations with low association strength, and learning new items in single words. The results show that learning new items in collocations yielded better retention of receptive and productive knowledge of meaning than in single words. Collocations with greater association strength also led to better retention of meaning. Different item types and associate strength has little effect on the retention of form.

Response Latencies in Short-Term Memory

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennet B. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Probe Position ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Recall Interval ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Recall Probability

This paper deals with the problem of the interpretation of response latencies in short-term memory. A paired-associate study using a probe technique was conducted with the main experimental variation the length of the recall interval (1, 2, or 4 sec.). While shortening the interval had a statistically significant effect on recall probability the interaction between recall interval and probe position was negligible. While traditionally response latency is considered a measure of associative strength, such an interpretation seems inappropriate here. As an alternative, latencies may reflect more criterion values than sensitivity as these measures are interpreted in signal-detection theory.

scholarly journals T-value and mutual information as measures of the association strength in Serbian language

Psihologija ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Lisac ◽  
Petar Milin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
Response Latencies

Since the study of Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971), a large number of researches have shown facilitation effect in cognitive processing of a given word when it is preceded by a semantically (i.e. associatively) related word. In this study, we examined influence of association strength between context and target on visual word processing in Serbian language. Primary goal was to test cognitive relevance of the t-value and mutual information (MI) as measures of the association strength. The results showed that the mutual information affects response latencies in the visual lexical decision task: the higher the mutual information for two words (bigram), the shorter the reaction time. Contrariwise, cognitive relevance of the t-value as a measure of the words' association strength was not confirmed.

Free Association Responses as a Function of Age and Stimulus Frequency

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Saundra F. Rokosz ◽  
R. E. Correll
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Frequency Count ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Frequency Counts

Free association responses to 49 words at two Thorndike-Lorge frequency counts were obtained from young and old Ss. Twenty-six words at the 2–5 frequency count and 23 words at the 20–25 frequency count were administered to 509 young and 95 old Ss. The response pattern of the old group was analyzed in relation to the response primary for the young group. Results were analyzed by relative frequency of the primary response to each stimulus word and by the number of omissions to each word. Older Ss had more omissions and deviated from the younger group in their responses to approximately one-half the stimulus words. Results suggest caution in construction of word lists to study age differences in paired-associate learning and memory.

Short-Term Retention as a Function of Associative Strength and Retention Intervals

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Hom
Keyword(s):  
Associative Strength ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Exceptional Children ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Retention Intervals ◽  
Strength Retention

The effects of association strength, retention intervals, and repetition of task on paired-associate acquisition by retardates were studied. 30 retardates with an MA range of 5.6 to 9.8 were divided randomly into 3 groups of 10 subjects each, corresponding to each of the retention intervals—zero seconds, 2 seconds, and 4 seconds delay of recall. 12 paired-associate pictures representing high, medium, and low association value were presented randomly to each subject. After each presentation, subjects were required to recall the response picture associated with each stimulus picture. The results showed that associative strength and retention intervals have a significant effect on mentally retarded children's retentive process. This study suggests that the factor of immediate feedback and the use of meaningful materials should play an important role in the educational curriculum and the teaching method with exceptional children.

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