A background interference procedure to increase sensitivity of the Bender-Gestalt Test to organic brain disorder.

1966 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Canter
Keyword(s):  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Background Interference ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Bender Gestalt Test

Bender-Gestalt Test and Background Interference Procedure in Discernment of Organic Brain Damage

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Pardue
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Background Interference ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Vocabulary Subtest ◽  
Bender Gestalt Test

Although the Bender-Gestalt test has proven adequate in differentiating groups of organic from groups of nonorganic Ss, attempts at individual diagnosis have frequently met with failure. Canter's Background Interference Procedure was designed to increase the sensitivity of the Bender test to the discernment of organic brain damage. The purpose of this paper was to check the validity of the Canter procedure, and to investigate its applicability to Hain's scoring system for the Bender test. 20 brain-damaged patients, 20 schizophrenics, and 20 nonorganic, non-brain-damaged patients were matched for age and intelligence. Each of these groups was further divided into outpatients and inpatients All patients were administered the Bender test on the standard white paper, the WAIS vocabulary subtest, and again the Bender test, on paper for the Background Interference Procedure. Significant results were obtained with the Background Interference administration for both Pascal-Suttell's and Hain's scoring systems where the standard administration had failed to yield significance. The tentative criteria proposed by Canter for individual diagnosis, however, were adequate for Pascal-Suttell's scoring system but not for Hain's method. Possible explanations for this disagreement, as well as suggestions for further research, are offered.

Occurrence of mirtazapine-induced delirium in organic brain disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Bailer ◽  
P. Fischer ◽  
B. Küfferle ◽  
J. Stastny ◽  
S. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Organic Brain

Cognitive disorders, epilepsy, ADHD, and offending

2012 ◽  
pp. 1928-1932
Author(s):  
Norbert Nedopil
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Organic Disorder

‘Cognitive disorders’ is a broad and heterogeneous diagnostic category, which includes different disorders, each with a distinct aetiology. They affect individuals in different ways depending on the age in which they occur. The term may be applied to a child, who has experienced perinatal trauma as well as to an older person with a beginning dementia of the Alzheimer type. The scientific literature on offenders with cognitive disorders is sparse. Most authors in forensic psychiatry do not systematically differentiate between the diagnostic subcategories and tend to use broad terms, such as organic disorder, organic psychosis, organic brain syndrome, neuropsychological deficit, dementia, mental handicap, mental retardation to include a number of different disorders in their studies. The number of patients with any kind of brain disorder in forensic hospitals and institutions is comparatively small and ranges from 1 to 10 per cent of all forensic inpatients. The same numbers apply for individuals assessed for criminal responsibility or risk of reoffending. Compared to major mental disorders like schizophrenia or affective disorders or to personality disorders, patients with cognitive disorders account for only a small proportion of individuals seen by forensic psychiatrists. Subdividing this group any further would be statistically irrelevant. The way forensic psychiatry and the law deals with offenders suffering from organic brain disorders is rather derived from case reports and convention than from empirical knowledge.

Selective Mutism and Abnormal Electroencephalography (EEG) Tracings

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1377-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keren Politi ◽  
Sara Kivity ◽  
Hadassa Goldberg-Stern ◽  
Ayelet Halevi ◽  
Avinoam Shuper
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Selective Mutism ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Epileptic Discharges ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Benign Epilepsy

Epileptic discharges are not considered a part of the clinical picture of selective mutism, and electroencephalography is generally not recommended in its work-up. This report describes 6 children with selective mutism who were found to have a history of epilepsy and abnormal interictal or subclinical electroencephalography recordings. Two of them had benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes. The mutism was not related in time to the presence of active seizures. While seizures could be controlled in all children by medications, the mutism resolved only in 1. Although the discharges could be coincidental, they might represent a co-morbidity of selective mutism or even play a role in its pathogenesis. Selective mutism should be listed among the psychiatric disorders that may be associated with electroencephalographic abnormalities. It can probably be regarded as a symptom of a more complicated organic brain disorder.

Psychiatric Hospital versus Community Treatment: The Results of a Randomised Trial

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hoult ◽  
Ingrid Reynolds ◽  
Marie Charbonneau-Powis ◽  
Penelope Weekes ◽  
Jennifer Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Community Treatment ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
After Care ◽  
Organic Brain

One hundred and twenty patients presenting for admission were randomly allocated into two groups. Controls received standard hospital care and after-care. Projects were not admitted if this could be avoided; instead they and their relatives were provided with comprehensive community treatment and a 24-hour crisis service. Patients with a primary diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence, organic brain disorder or mental retardation were excluded. During the 12 months study period, 96% of controls were admitted, 51% more than once. Of the projects, 60% were not admitted at all and only 8% were admitted more than once. Controls spent an average of 53.5 days in psychiatric hospitals; projects spent an average of 8.4 days. Community treatment did not increase the burden upon the community, was considered to be significantly more satisfactory and helpful by patients and their relatives, achieved a clinically superior outcome, and cost less than standard care and after-care.

Schizophrenia with Good and Poor Outcome

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kolakowska ◽  
A. O. Williams ◽  
K. Jambor ◽  
M. Ardern
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organic Brain ◽  
Treatment Deficits

SummaryFifty-six patients with RDC schizophrenia (42) or schizoaffective disorder (14), of two to 20 years' duration, were assessed for neurological ‘soft’ signs and cognitive impairment when in a stable condition—the ‘outcome’. Neurological dysfunction (46% of 50 examined patients) was associated with a history of developmental abnormalities, but was unrelated to outcome, psychiatric symptoms, or treatment. Deficits in particular cognitive fields were related to two independent factors: overall severity of residual psychiatric disorder (outcome) and neurological dysfunction. There was no relationship between the size of the lateral brain ventricles on CT scan and either ‘soft’ signs or cognitive impairment.The findings do not provide evidence for an association between the presence of organic brain disorder (as indicated by the joint occurrence of neurological dysfunction and cognitive impairment) and either poor outcome or particular symptoms of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Pathogenesis and symptomatology of hallucinations (delusions) of organic brain disorder and schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun HORIGUCHI ◽  
Tsuyoshi MIYAOKA ◽  
Hideto SHINNO
Keyword(s):  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Organic Brain

Occurrence of mirtazapine-induced delirium in organic brain disorder — Three case reports

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Bailer ◽  
P. Fischer ◽  
B. Küfferle ◽  
J. Stastny ◽  
S. Kasper
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Organic Brain
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