Virgin Mother--Surrogate and simplified.

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
S. David Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Mother Surrogate

The nurse as mother surrogate: Oral histories of Nova Scotia nurses from the 1920s and 1930s

1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Keddy ◽  
Mary LeDrew ◽  
Bonny Thompson ◽  
Liz Nowaczek ◽  
Margie Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Mother Surrogate

Development of Attachment and Exploratory Behavior in Infant Squirrel Monkeys under Controlled Rearing Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hopf ◽  
M. Herzog ◽  
D. Ploog
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Exploratory Behavior ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Controlled Rearing ◽  
Mother Surrogate

This study contributes to the understanding of early development of communication in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri). Emission of expressive behavior as well as its perception (as concluded from the partner's responses) form the basis of social communication. We studied stimulus conditions that control attachment and exploratory behavior two interdependent fields of motivation which are especially important in the early stages of development. Newborn squirrel monkeys were isolated from their mothers and the group and were provided with a mother surrogate, manipulanda, and social surrogate stimuli: objects were so designed as to elicit behavior which would otherwise be directed at conspecifics. It was found that the animals displayed largely normal attachment and exploratory behavior. They modified their behavior depending on whether their contacts with the social surrogate were answered by aversive or non-aversive calls in the same sense as socially experienced conspecifics would do. Consequently, the conclusion may be drawn that specific genetic components are involved in comprehending emotional expressions.

Approach-Avoidance Conflict in the Mother-Surrogate Situation

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard A. Rosenblum ◽  
Harry F. Harlow
Keyword(s):  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Mother Surrogate

scholarly journals Differential Emotional Experience Leads to Pruning of Dendritic Spines in the Forebrain of Domestic Chicks

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Bock ◽  
Katharina Braun
Keyword(s):  
Time Window ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Domestic Chick ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Synaptic Reorganization ◽  
Synaptic Changes ◽  
Filial Imprinting ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Mother Surrogate

Auditory filial imprinting induces quantitative changes of synaptic density in the forebrain area mediorostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale of the domestic chick. The aim of the present study was to examine the time window and the extent and quality of experience that is required for the induction of these synaptic changes. We found that a brief (30 min) experience with the imprinting situation (tone stimulus + mother surrogate) is sufficient to induce spine elimination, which is detectable on postnatal day 7, but not 80 min after the presentation of the imprinting stimuli. This synaptic reorganization requires the association of the acoustic imprinting tone with an emotional reward (mother surrogate); acoustic stimulation alone does not lead to detectable synaptic changes. The results of the present study provide further evidence that juvenile emotional learning events, such as filial imprinting, lead to a selective synaptic reorganization.

Effects of Species-Specific Vocalizations On the Behaviour of Surrogate-Reared Squirrel Monkeys

Behaviour ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Hopf ◽  
Michael Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Squirrel Monkey ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Squirrel Monkeys ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Object A ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Mother Surrogate

AbstractThis is a contribution to the study of the communicative behaviour in a primate, the squirrel monkey (Saimin). It will be shown whether socially inexperienced infants respond differentially to species-specific vocalizations. Six squirrel monkeys were separated from their mothers and conspecifics on the day of birth and surrogate-reared up to their 3rd month of age. In order to counteract general deprivation effects, the subjects received visual, auditory and vestibular stimulation, in addition to the constant presence of the mother surrogate and manipulanda. From the 2nd week on subjects were presented a test object 3-6 times daily. The object was so designed as to elicit behaviour which would usually be directed to conspecifics. When the subjects were able to locomote freely in their cage and approach the object on their own, the following experiment was carried out: Upon each physical contact by the subject with the object, a sound was played back by a loudspeaker hidden in the object. During any 8-min. session only one of five preselected sounds was used. The effect of two vocalizations, caw and cackle, known to be aversive in squirrel monkey groups, was compared to that of two non-aversive ones, twitter and play peep, and a neutral control tone. Caw and cackle resulted in low overall contact and less varied and less playful activities toward the test object. Subjects also were facing the objects more from a distance and spent more time in contact with the mother surrogate as their security figure. Twitter and play peep resulted in an opposite pattern. These findings indicate a genetically preprogrammed basis for perception and processing of species-specific vocalizations.

Comments on “Approach-Avoidance Conflict in the Mother-Surrogate Situation”

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 773-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Mother Surrogate

Questions concerning the conclusion of Rosenblum and Harlow are presented with documentation.

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