Supplemental Material for Caution Follows Fear: Evidence From Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modelling

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Modelling

scholarly journals Alertness modulates perceptual decision-making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridhar R. Jagannathan ◽  
Corinne A. Bareham ◽  
Tristan A. Bekinschtein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
External Information ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Perceptual Decision ◽  
Diffusion Modelling ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Multivariate Pattern ◽  
Work Done

ABSTRACTThe ability to make decisions based on external information, prior knowledge and context is a crucial aspect of cognition and it may determine the success and survival of an organism. Despite extensive and detailed work done on the decision making mechanisms, the understanding of the effects of arousal remain limited. Here we characterise behavioural and neural dynamics of decision making in awake and low alertness periods to characterise the compensatory signatures of the cognitive system when arousal decreases. We used an auditory tone-localisation task in human participants under conditions of fully awake and low arousal. Behavioural dynamics analyses using psychophysics, signal detection theory and drift-diffusion modelling showed slower responses, decreased performance and a lower rate of evidence accumulation due to alertness fluctuations. To understand the modulation in neural dynamics we used multivariate pattern analysis (decoding), identifying a shift in the temporal and spatial signatures involved. Finally, we connected the computational parameters identified in the drift diffusion modelling with neural signatures, capturing the effective lag exerted by alertness in the neurocognitive system underlying decision making. These results define the reconfiguration of the brain networks, regions and dynamics needed for the implementation of perceptual decision making, revealing mechanisms of resilience of cognition when challenged by decreases in arousal.

scholarly journals Financial incentives facilitate the neural computation of prosocial decisions stronger in low empathic individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassil Iotzov ◽  
Anne Saulin ◽  
Jochen Kaiser ◽  
Shihui Han ◽  
Grit Hein
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Neural Computation ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Blood Donations ◽  
Diffusion Modelling ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
Prosocial Motive

Financial incentives are commonly used to motivate behaviours. There is also evidence that incentives can decline the behaviour they are supposed to foster, for example, documented by a decrease in blood donations if a financial incentive is offered. Based on these findings, previous studies assumed that prosocial motivation is shaped by incentives. However, so far, there is no direct evidence showing an interaction between financial incentives and a specific prosocial motive. Combining drift-diffusion modelling and fMRI, we investigated the effect of financial incentives on empathy, i.e., one of the key motives driving prosocial decisions. In the empathy-alone condition, participants made prosocial decisions based on empathy, in the empathy-bonus condition, they were offered a financial bonus for prosocial decisions, in addition to empathy induction. On average, the bonus enhanced the information accumulation in empathy-based decision. On the neural level, this enhancement was related to the anterior insula, the same region that also correlated with empathy ratings. Moreover, the effect of the financial incentive on anterior insula activation was stronger the lower a person scored on empathy. These findings show that financial incentives enhance prosocial motivation in the absence of empathy but have little effect on high empathic individuals.

Drift diffusion modelling of three branch junction (TBR) based nano-rectifier

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Prakash ◽  
Priyanka Thakur ◽  
Shonak Bansal ◽  
Kuldeep Sharma ◽  
Prince Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Modelling

scholarly journals Speeding up Time: Hierarchical Bayesian Drift Diffusion Modelling Evidence for Accelerating Temporal Accumulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Jason Tipples ◽  
Michael Lupton ◽  
David George
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Drift Diffusion ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Diffusion Modelling ◽  
The Face ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Perception Of Time ◽  
Temporal Accumulation

Abstract Time perception is malleable ‒ it can be made to speed up and slow down by various experimental manipulations including the presentation of a sequence of auditory clicks and also angry facial expressions. Recent evidence supports the idea that auditory click trains increase accumulation of evidence across time. Here, we test this idea for both angry expressions and auditory clicks by modelling response times (and choice responses) using Bayesian Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modelling. Two separate groups of participants (Experiment 1; n = 29; Experiment 2; n = 38) judged the duration of angry and neutral facial expressions preceded by either a 3-s sequence of auditory clicks or silence. In both experiments, standard psychophysical analyses showed that both clicks and angry expressions lengthened the perception of time. The original finding came from the analyses of the Drift Diffusion Modelling parameter that represents the speed of information accumulation ‒ the drift rate parameter. Drift rates grew in magnitude with the duration of the face and moreover this effect was larger when the faces were either preceded by clicks or appeared angry ‒ evidence for accelerating temporal accumulation. This novel insight would not have been possible from traditional psychophysical analyses and therefore, the results highlight the potential value of Bayesian Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Modelling as a tool for understanding how we perceive time.

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