Behavioral and neural responses to infant and adult tears: The impact of maternal love withdrawal.

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madelon M. E. Riem ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
Pietro De Carli ◽  
Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets ◽  
Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
Keyword(s):  
Neural Responses ◽  
Maternal Love ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of neural responses to food cues following stress on trajectories of negative and positive affect and binge eating in daily life

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Wonderlich ◽  
Lauren Breithaupt ◽  
James C. Thompson ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Scott G. Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Hearing loss is associated with delayed neural responses to continuous speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlies Gillis ◽  
Lien Decruy ◽  
Jonas Vanthornhout ◽  
Tom Francart
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Speech Processing ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Continuous Speech ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Sound Amplification ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWe investigated the impact of hearing loss on the neural processing of speech. Using a forward modelling approach, we compared the neural responses to continuous speech of 14 adults with sensorineural hearing loss with those of age-matched normal-hearing peers.Compared to their normal-hearing peers, hearing-impaired listeners had increased neural tracking and delayed neural responses to continuous speech in quiet. The latency also increased with the degree of hearing loss. As speech understanding decreased, neural tracking decreased in both population; however, a significantly different trend was observed for the latency of the neural responses. For normal-hearing listeners, the latency increased with increasing background noise level. However, for hearing-impaired listeners, this increase was not observed.Our results support that the neural response latency indicates the efficiency of neural speech processing. Hearing-impaired listeners process speech in silence less efficiently then normal-hearing listeners. Our results suggest that this reduction in neural speech processing efficiency is a gradual effect which occurs as hearing deteriorates. Moreover, the efficiency of neural speech processing in hearing-impaired listeners is already at its lowest level when listening to speech in quiet, while normal-hearing listeners show a further decrease in efficiently when the noise level increases.From our results, it is apparent that sound amplification does not solve hearing loss. Even when intelligibility is apparently perfect, hearing-impaired listeners process speech less efficiently.

The impact of oxytocin administration and maternal love withdrawal on event-related potential (ERP) responses to emotional faces with performance feedback

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renske Huffmeijer ◽  
Lenneke R.A. Alink ◽  
Mattie Tops ◽  
Karen M. Grewen ◽  
Kathleen C. Light ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Maternal Love ◽  
The Impact

Attenuated Face Processing during Mind Wandering

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1691-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Denkova ◽  
Emily G. Brudner ◽  
Kristen Zayan ◽  
Joseph Dunn ◽  
Amishi P. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Face Processing ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Response Task ◽  
The Impact

Mind wandering (MW) has been recently investigated in many studies. It has been suggested that, during MW, processing of perceptual stimuli is attenuated in favor of internal thoughts, a phenomenon referred to as perceptual decoupling. Perceptual decoupling has been investigated in ERP studies, which have used relatively simple perceptual stimuli, yet it remains unclear if MW can impact the perceptual processing of complex stimuli with real-world relevance. Here, we investigated the impact of MW on behavioral and neural responses to faces. Thirty-six participants completed a novel sustained attention to response task with faces. They were asked to respond to upright faces (nontargets) and withhold responses to inverted faces (targets) and to report intermittently if they were “On task” or “Off task.” Behavioral analyses revealed greater intraindividual coefficient of variation for nontarget faces preceding Off task versus On task. ERP analyses focused primarily on the N170 component associated with face processing but also included the P1 and P3 components. The results revealed attenuated amplitudes to nontarget faces preceding Off task versus On task for the N170, but not for the P3 or P1. These findings suggest decoupled visual processing of faces during MW, which has implications for social neuroscience research.

scholarly journals Dynamical Synapses Enhance Neural Information Processing: Gracefulness, Accuracy, and Mobility

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1147-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Alan Fung ◽  
K. Y. Michael Wong ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Si Wu
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Neuronal Interactions ◽  
Neural Information ◽  
Neural Information Processing ◽  
Network States ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
The Impact

Experimental data have revealed that neuronal connection efficacy exhibits two forms of short-term plasticity: short-term depression (STD) and short-term facilitation (STF). They have time constants residing between fast neural signaling and rapid learning and may serve as substrates for neural systems manipulating temporal information on relevant timescales. This study investigates the impact of STD and STF on the dynamics of continuous attractor neural networks and their potential roles in neural information processing. We find that STD endows the network with slow-decaying plateau behaviors: the network that is initially being stimulated to an active state decays to a silent state very slowly on the timescale of STD rather than on that of neuralsignaling. This provides a mechanism for neural systems to hold sensory memory easily and shut off persistent activities gracefully. With STF, we find that the network can hold a memory trace of external inputs in the facilitated neuronal interactions, which provides a way to stabilize the network response to noisy inputs, leading to improved accuracy in population decoding. Furthermore, we find that STD increases the mobility of the network states. The increased mobility enhances the tracking performance of the network in response to time-varying stimuli, leading to anticipative neural responses. In general, we find that STD and STP tend to have opposite effects on network dynamics and complementary computational advantages, suggesting that the brain may employ a strategy of weighting them differentially depending on the computational purpose.

scholarly journals Temporal signatures of criticality in human cortical excitability as probed by early somatosensory responses

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stephani ◽  
G. Waterstraat ◽  
S. Haufe ◽  
G. Curio ◽  
A. Villringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Critical State ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBrain responses vary considerably from moment to moment, even to identical sensory stimuli. This has been attributed to changes in instantaneous neuronal states determining the system’s excitability. Yet the spatio-temporal organization of these dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we test whether variability in stimulus-evoked activity can be interpreted within the framework of criticality, which postulates dynamics of neural systems to be tuned towards the phase transition between stability and instability as is reflected in scale-free fluctuations in spontaneous neural activity. Using a novel non-invasive approach in 33 male participants, we tracked instantaneous cortical excitability by inferring the magnitude of excitatory post-synaptic currents from the N20 component of the somatosensory evoked potential. Fluctuations of cortical excitability demonstrated long-range temporal dependencies decaying according to a power law across trials – a hallmark of systems at critical states. As these dynamics covaried with changes in pre-stimulus oscillatory activity in the alpha band (8–13 Hz), we establish a mechanistic link between ongoing and evoked activity through cortical excitability and argue that the co-emergence of common temporal power laws may indeed originate from neural networks poised close to a critical state. In contrast, no signatures of criticality were found in subcortical or peripheral nerve activity. Thus, criticality may represent a parsimonious organizing principle of variability in stimulus-related brain processes on a cortical level, possibly reflecting a delicate equilibrium between robustness and flexibility of neural responses to external stimuli.Significance StatementVariability of neural responses in primary sensory areas is puzzling, as it is detrimental to the exact mapping between stimulus features and neural activity. However, such variability can be beneficial for information processing in neural networks if it is of a specific nature, namely if dynamics are poised at a so-called critical state characterized by a scale-free spatio-temporal structure. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a link between signatures of criticality in ongoing and evoked activity through cortical excitability, which fills the long-standing gap between two major directions of research on neural variability: The impact of instantaneous brain states on stimulus processing on the one hand and the scale-free organization of spatio-temporal network dynamics of spontaneous activity on the other.

scholarly journals Physiological, emotional and neural responses to visual stimuli in eating disorders: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Burmester ◽  
Esme Graham ◽  
Dasha Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Physiological Reaction ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Overconcern with food and shape/weight stimuli are central to eating disorder maintenance with attentional biases seen towards these images not present in healthy controls. These stimuli trigger changes in the physiological, emotional, and neural responses in people with eating disorders, and are regularly used in research and clinical practice. However, selection of stimuli for these treatments is frequently based on self-reported emotional ratings alone, and whether self-reports reflect objective responses is unknown. Main body This review assessed the associations across emotional self-report, physiological, and neural responses to both food and body-shape/weight stimuli in people with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). For food stimuli, either an aversive or lack of physiological effect was generated in people with AN, together with a negative emotional response on neuroimaging, and high subjective anxiety ratings. People with BN showed a positive self-rating, an aversive physiological reaction, and a motivational neural response. In BED, an aversive physiological reaction was found in contrast to motivational/appetitive neural responses, with food images rated as pleasant. The results for shape/weight stimuli showed aversive responses in some physiological modalities, which was reflected in both the emotional and neural responses, but this aversive response was not consistent across physiological studies. Conclusions Shape/weight stimuli are more reliable for use in therapy or research than food stimuli as the impact of these images is more consistent across subjective and objective responses. Care should be taken when using food stimuli due to the disconnect reported in this review.

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