Two roads diverged: Distinct mechanisms of attentional bias differentially predict negative affect and persistent negative thought.

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandersan Onie ◽  
Steven B. Most
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Negative Thought

Nicotine decreases attentional bias to negative-affect-related Stroop words among smokers

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rzetelny ◽  
David Gilbert ◽  
Jonathan Hammersley ◽  
Robert Radtke ◽  
Norka Rabinovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Attentional Bias

Investigating the role of attentional disengagement bias in the tendency, ability and persistence of worry

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
D. Nelson ◽  
M. Lopian ◽  
N. Bratt
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reaction Time Data ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Negative Thought ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Worry

IntroductionIndividuals with Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) have an attentional bias towards threatening information. It is not known whether this results from facilitated engagement (faster orientation) or delayed disengagement (shifting attention away) from threat. Recent research has developed a new methodology designed to modify attentional disengagement from threat.ObjectivesUsing this paradigm, the present study assessed the causal role of attentional disengagement from threat and its impact on worry.MethodTwenty-four university students scoring below 56 on the Penn-State-Worry-Questionnaire were randomly assigned to either threat disengagement training, or non-threat disengagement training. Training was assessed using threat and non-threat test-trials. All participants then completed a novel worry task, assessing tendency, ability and persistency of worry. The hypothesis was that training to disengage from threat rather than non-threat stimuli would affect tendency, ability or persistence of worry.ResultsAccuracy and test-trial reaction-time data indicated disengagement training was successful; compared to the non-threat disengagement group, the threat disengagement group had faster reaction-times for non-threat valence test-trials, experienced marginally non-significantly more negative intrusions during active worry, and found it significantly more difficult to worry, when required to engage solely with worry without interruption in the worry task.ConclusionIt is possible to manipulate attentional bias to disengage from threat information, leading to fewer negative thought intrusions during active worry and increased difficulty in engaging solely with worry, thus suggesting that impaired disengagement has a causal role in the ability to worry.

scholarly journals Attentional bias to negative affect moderates negative affect’s relationship with smoking abstinence.

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Etcheverry ◽  
Andrew J. Waters ◽  
Cho Lam ◽  
Virmarie Correa-Fernandez ◽  
Jennifer Irvin Vidrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Smoking Abstinence

Facilitating a benign attentional bias reduces negative thought intrusions.

2010 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarra Hayes ◽  
Colette R. Hirsch ◽  
Andrew Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Negative Thought

Do persons with negative affect have an attentional bias to bodily sensations?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Stegen ◽  
Ilse Van Diest ◽  
Karel P. Van De Woestijne ◽  
Omer Vann De Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Bodily Sensations

Attentional bias towards negative affect stimuli and reactive aggression in male batterers

2010 ◽  
Vol 176 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Ching Chan ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
Tatia M.C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Reactive Aggression ◽  
Male Batterers

Attentional Bias Among Adolescents Who Stutter: Evidence for a Vigilance–Avoidance Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 3349-3363
Author(s):  
Naomi H. Rodgers ◽  
Jennifer Y. F. Lau ◽  
Patricia M. Zebrowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Social Stimuli ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attentional Engagement ◽  
High Social Anxiety

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine group and individual differences in attentional bias toward and away from socially threatening facial stimuli among adolescents who stutter and age- and sex-matched typically fluent controls. Method Participants included 86 adolescents (43 stuttering, 43 controls) ranging in age from 13 to 19 years. They completed a computerized dot-probe task, which was modified to allow for separate measurement of attentional engagement with and attentional disengagement from facial stimuli (angry, fearful, neutral expressions). Their response time on this task was the dependent variable. Participants also completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and provided a speech sample for analysis of stuttering-like behaviors. Results The adolescents who stutter were more likely to engage quickly with threatening faces than to maintain attention on neutral faces, and they were also more likely to disengage quickly from threatening faces than to maintain attention on those faces. The typically fluent controls did not show any attentional preference for the threatening faces over the neutral faces in either the engagement or disengagement conditions. The two groups demonstrated equivalent levels of social anxiety that were both, on average, very close to the clinical cutoff score for high social anxiety, although degree of social anxiety did not influence performance in either condition. Stuttering severity did not influence performance among the adolescents who stutter. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence for a vigilance–avoidance pattern of attentional allocation to threatening social stimuli among adolescents who stutter.

Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Healy ◽  
Aaron Treadwell ◽  
Mandy Reagan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

The Blank in the Mind Questionnaire (BIMQ)

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despina Moraitou ◽  
Anastasia Efklides
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Memory Failure ◽  
Temporary Memory ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Metacognitive awareness of memory failure may take the form of the “blank in the mind” (BIM) experience. The BIM experience informs the person of a temporary memory failure and takes the form of a disruption in the flow of consciousness, of a moment of no content in awareness. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Blank in the Mind Questionnaire (BIMQ) designed to tap the BIM experience and differentiate it from other memory-related experiences, such as searching but not having in memory a piece of information (i.e., lack of knowledge). The participants (N = 493) were 249 younger adults (18–30 years old) and 244 older adults (63–89 years old) of both genders. Confirmatory factor analysis applied to the BIMQ confirmed a three-factor model with interrelations between the factors. The first factor represented the experience of lack of knowledge, the second represented the experience of BIM, and the third the person’s negative affective reactions to memory failure. The internal consistency of the three factors ranged from Cronbach’s α = .80 to .88. Convergent validity was shown with correlations of the BIMQ factors with self-report measures of cognitive and memory failures, and to the negative-affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

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