scholarly journals Error-related brain activity is related to aversive potentiation of the startle response in children, but only the ERN is associated with anxiety disorders.

Emotion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Meyer ◽  
Greg Hajcak ◽  
Catherine R. Glenn ◽  
Autumn J. Kujawa ◽  
Daniel N. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Brain Activity

Food-Evoked Changes in Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Walla ◽  
Maria Richter ◽  
Stella Färber ◽  
Ulrich Leodolter ◽  
Herbert Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Response Amplitude ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Motivational States ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
Study Participants

Two experiments investigate effects related to food intake in humans. In Experiment 1, we measured startle response modulation while study participants ate ice cream, yoghurt, and chocolate. Statistical analysis revealed that ice cream intake resulted in the most robust startle inhibition compared to no food. Contrasting females and males, we found significant differences related to the conditions yoghurt and chocolate. In females, chocolate elicited the lowest response amplitude followed by yoghurt and ice cream. In males, chocolate produced the highest startle response amplitude even higher than eating nothing, whereas ice cream produced the lowest. Assuming that high response amplitudes reflect aversive motivation while low response amplitudes reflect appetitive motivational states, it is interpreted that eating ice cream is associated with the most appetitive state given the alternatives of chocolate and yoghurt across gender. However, in females alone eating chocolate, and in males alone eating ice cream, led to the most appetitive state. Experiment 2 was conducted to describe food intake-related brain activity by means of source localization analysis applied to electroencephalography data (EEG). Ice cream, yoghurt, a soft drink, and water were compared. Brain activity in rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus was found in all conditions. No localization differences between conditions occurred. While EEG was found to be insensitive, startle response modulation seems to be a reliable method to objectively quantify motivational states related to the intake of different foods.

scholarly journals Affective modulation of the startle response among children at high and low risk for anxiety disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2647-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kujawa ◽  
C. R. Glenn ◽  
G. Hajcak ◽  
D. N. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Startle Response ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Parental Psychopathology ◽  
Affective Modulation ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Picture Viewing ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Development Of Anxiety

BackgroundIdentifying early markers of risk for anxiety disorders in children may aid in understanding underlying mechanisms and informing prevention efforts. Affective modulation of the startle response indexes sensitivity to pleasant and unpleasant environmental contexts and has been shown to relate to anxiety, yet the extent to which abnormalities in affect-modulated startle reflect vulnerability for anxiety disorders in children has yet to be examined. The current study assessed the effects of parental psychopathology on affective modulation of startle in offspring.MethodNine-year-old children (n = 144) with no history of anxiety or depressive disorders completed a passive picture viewing task in which eye-blink startle responses were measured during the presentation of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images.ResultsMaternal anxiety was associated with distinct patterns of affective modulation of startle in offspring, such that children with maternal histories of anxiety showed potentiation of the startle response while viewing unpleasant images, but not attenuation during pleasant images, whereas children with no maternal history of anxiety exhibited attenuation of the startle response during pleasant images, but did not exhibit unpleasant potentiation – even when controlling for child symptoms of anxiety and depression. No effects of maternal depression or paternal psychopathology were observed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that both enhanced startle responses in unpleasant conditions and failure to inhibit startle responses in pleasant conditions may reflect early emerging vulnerabilities that contribute to the later development of anxiety disorders.

F21. Increased Error-Related Brain Activity in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. S220-S221
Author(s):  
Gregory Hanna ◽  
Yanni Liu ◽  
Yona Isaacs ◽  
Haley Rough ◽  
Barbara Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety Disorders

scholarly journals Startle Response in Behaviorally Inhibited Adolescents With a Lifetime Occurrence of Anxiety Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany C. Reeb-Sutherland ◽  
Sarah M. Helfinstein ◽  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
Koraly Pérez-Edgar ◽  
Heather A. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Startle Response

scholarly journals Increased error-related brain activity in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder and other anxiety disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Carrasco ◽  
Christina Hong ◽  
Jenna K. Nienhuis ◽  
Shannon M. Harbin ◽  
Kate D. Fitzgerald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

3.56 Increased Error-Related Brain Activity in Youth With Anxiety Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. S200
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Hanna ◽  
Yanni Liu ◽  
Yona E. Isaacs ◽  
Angela M. Ayoub ◽  
Paul D. Arnold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Brain Activity

scholarly journals Enhanced error-related brain activity in children predicts the onset of anxiety disorders between the ages of 6 and 9.

2015 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Meyer ◽  
Greg Hajcak ◽  
Dana C. Torpey-Newman ◽  
Autumn Kujawa ◽  
Daniel N. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Brain Activity

scholarly journals Error‐related brain activity in pediatric anxiety disorders remains elevated following individual therapy: a randomized clinical trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1152-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecile D. Ladouceur ◽  
Patricia Z. Tan ◽  
Vinod Sharma ◽  
Lauren M. Bylsma ◽  
Jennifer S. Silk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety ◽  
Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document