Maximizing gender equality by minimizing course choice options? Effects of obligatory coursework in math on gender differences in STEM.

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Hübner ◽  
Eike Wille ◽  
Jenna Cambria ◽  
Kerstin Oschatz ◽  
Benjamin Nagengast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality

Queen’s Gambit Declined: The Gender-Equality Paradox in Chess Participation Across 160 Countries

2022 ◽  
pp. 095679762110348
Author(s):  
Allon Vishkin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Generational Shift ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Curvilinear Effect

The gender-equality paradox refers to the puzzling finding that societies with more gender equality demonstrate larger gender differences across a range of phenomena, most notably in the proportion of women who pursue degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math. The present investigation demonstrates across two different measures of gender equality that this paradox extends to chess participation ( N = 803,485 across 160 countries; age range: 3–100 years), specifically that women participate more often in countries with less gender equality. Previous explanations for the paradox fail to account for this finding. Instead, consistent with the notion that gender equality reflects a generational shift, mediation analyses suggest that the gender-equality paradox in chess is driven by the greater participation of younger players in countries with less gender equality. A curvilinear effect of gender equality on the participation of female players was also found, demonstrating that gender differences in chess participation are largest at the highest and lowest ends of the gender-equality spectrum.

scholarly journals The gendered relationship with drunkenness among different generations in Mediterranean and Nordic countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rolando ◽  
Jukka Törrönen ◽  
Franca Beccaria
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Age Cohort ◽  
Different Dimensions

The study adopts a qualitative comparative approach to better understand how different dimensions affect social norms regulating alcohol consumption. Female and male attitudes towards drunkenness were analysed on the basis of data from 27 focus groups involving a total of 166 participants from Italy, Finland and Sweden, grouped by age cohort (17–20 and 50–65 years) and educational level. Results suggest that gendered drinking norms may be affected more by the drinking culture than by the degree of gender equality, thus providing a possible explanation of why gender differences in drinking are not always consistent with broader gender inequalities.

scholarly journals Competing for the benefit of offspring eliminates the gender gap in competitiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (19) ◽  
pp. 5201-5205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cassar ◽  
Feven Wordofa ◽  
Y. Jane Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Female Competition ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Economic Experiments ◽  
Promote Gender Equality ◽  
The Right

Recent advances have highlighted the evolutionary significance of female competition, with the sexes pursuing different competitive strategies and women reserving their most intense competitive behaviors for the benefit of offspring. Influential economic experiments using cash incentives, however, have found evidence suggesting that women have a lower desire to compete than men. We hypothesize that the estimated gender differences critically depend on how we elicit them, especially on the incentives used. We test this hypothesis through an experiment with adults in China (n = 358). Data show that, once the incentives are switched from monetary to child-benefitting, gender differences disappear. This result suggests that female competition can be just as intense as male competition given the right goals, indicating important implications for policies designed to promote gender equality.

scholarly journals The Meaning of Denotation, Connotation, and Myth used in Ariana Grande’s "God is a Woman" Song Lyrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jafar ◽  
La Aso ◽  
Neil Amstrong
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Descriptive Method

Ariana Grande was determined to be a light on her song lyrics and no one has needed that light more than Ariana Grande herself. Her song Lyrics were loaded with deep meanings. Ariana Grande sung about relationships, love, and dating, and through it all, there were moments of meaning spread throughout. The lyric writer wanted to suggest a certain mood or emotion. This study focused on God is a woman song Lyrics. The writer took song lyrics as primary data and used qualitative descriptive method that explained descriptively how the meaning used in Ariana Grande’s God is a woman song lyrics. The theory used in the study is semiotics, in particular, is the theory used by Roland Barthes. Roland Barthes developed his theory into two levels, namely Denotation as the first level in the sign, connotation as the second level in the sign which is accompanied by a myth (marking a society). The result of this study based on Roland Barthes Semiotic’s theory in a way of denotative it is about sex and how she claims the chemistry will be so incredible that the guy is going to think she is God and in a way of connotative Ariana Grande campaigned for a struggle for gender equality and she showed off women's energy and independence. While the myth is God is a woman which this sentence represents about gender differences in life. The answer to dismantling patriarchy is not raising a matriarchy in its place. But building our understanding of, as Ariana Grande puts it, "God as a woman," will help counterbalance almost every human's internalized beliefs that our creator is a man, a father, a guy in the sky. God is our mother, our father, our parents. Come to think of it, if God can be referred to with the masculine pronoun “he”, why is not okay for us to also used the female pronoun “she” when referring to God.

Exploring the Logic of Gender Complementarity using Chimakonam’s Ezumezu System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Eric Ndoma Besong
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Gender Complementarity ◽  
Males And Females

In this essay, I want to argue that the existence of gender most times translated as gender binary, is a biological fact. What is at stake is a framework for transcending unequal gender binary to gender complementarity. Here, I propose to use Chimakonam’s Ezumezu logic as a mechanism for disclosing gender complementarity. The illogical, irrational and subjective perspectives on lopsided gender  differences between men and women will be challenged in this essay. I will analyze the thrust of Ezumezu logic, its major principles, structures, and pillars of thought. I will also demonstrate its global and contextual relevance. I will submit that Ezumezu logic can ground gender complementarity across global cultures. I argue that regardless of the physical differences between males and females, it is illogical to exploit such differences to promote gender stereotype. Keywords: Gender equality, Ezumezu Logic, Gender Complementarity, Jonathan Chimakonam

Gender Differences in Subjective Well-Being: Comparing Societies with Respect to Gender Equality

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Tesch-Römer ◽  
Andreas Motel-Klingebiel ◽  
Martin J. Tomasik
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being

Gender Differences in Critical Digital Political Engagement in China: The Consequences for Protest Attitudes

2019 ◽  
pp. 089443931986590
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Wagner ◽  
Jason Gainous ◽  
Jason P. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Digital Engagement

We use original survey data from China to examine gender differences in exposure to, and the exchange of, information critical of their respective governments via the Internet and social media. Existing research suggests that men, generally, tend to be more politically engaged than women. We set out to test whether this extended to dissident political engagement in the Chinese context, and if it translated into variation in support for protest across gender, and across political context. Compared to other Asian nations, China has relatively high gender equality. Yet, due to the social, cultural, and political structures in China, we expect that women will be less active online, less likely to consume critical media, and less likely to engage in political dissidence than their male counterparts. We did find that men were more likely to be critically digitally engaged in China. However, we found that while critical digital engagement was positively related to support for protest, this effect was actually stronger for women in China. We offer some speculation regarding these counterintuitive results.

Experiences of Officer Cadets in Canadian Military Colleges and Civilian Universities: A Gender Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 0095327X2090512
Author(s):  
Grazia Scoppio ◽  
Nancy Otis ◽  
Yan (Lizzie) Yan ◽  
Sawyer Hogenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Military Colleges ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Canadian Military ◽  
The Way

This study examined gender differences in the experiences of 923 officer cadets attending Canadian Military Colleges and 135 officer cadets attending civilian universities who completed a survey. Overall, the findings revealed that the experience of officer cadets in civilian universities was more positive, gender neutral, and their institutions’ values and culture were a better fit for them compared to their peers in Canadian Military Colleges. For officer cadets in Canadian Military Colleges, the results revealed that women were less likely to perceive gender equality in the way they were treated, the fairness of complaint mechanisms, and being treated with respect compared to men. Men in Canadian Military Collegess were less likely to perceive gender equality in performance standards than women. There were no gender differences in experiences for officer cadets in civilian universities.

scholarly journals The Selected Aspects of Gender Equality in European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 411-422
Author(s):  
Monika Krošláková ◽  
Radoslava Mečiar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
European Union ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Financial Evaluation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Current State ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Abstract Despite the laws and regulations that should ensure equal gender treatment, women are still disadvantaged in all businesses and public sector. This discrimination is manifested particularly in the approach to jobs, financial evaluation, political nominations and opportunities of developing their abilities regardless of gender. The gender differences in work and public life remain even today the most visible evidence of inequality between men and women in our society. The gender equality is one of the fundamental principles of EU law and all its member countries committed to be in the compliance with it. This article reviews the current state of gender equality in EU.

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