Sexual dimorphism in waist-to-hip ratio and divorce frequency in human populations.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-241
Author(s):  
Pilar Chiappa ◽  
Suneeta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio

scholarly journals Determinación del sexo a través de la métrica dental en cazadores recolectores de la transición pampeano-patagónica oriental / SEX DETERMINATION THROUGH DENTAL METRICS FOR HUNTER-GATHERER GROUPS FROM THE EASTERN PAMPA-PATAGONIAN TRANSITION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Luna ◽  
Gustavo Flensborg
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Dental Metrics ◽  
Sexual Information ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Sexual Determination ◽  
Del Rio

<p>El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la pertinencia de la métrica dental para obtener información sexual en individuos que habitaron el curso inferior del río Colorado durante el Holoceno tardío (ca. 3000-250 años AP), discutir el grado de dimorfismo sexual e identificar las variables cuantitativas de la dentición que permitan discriminar el sexo de nuevos individuos que se incluyan en futuros análisis. Se estudiaron las medidas máximas bucolinguales y mesiodistales del cuello de los dientes correspondientes a 26 individuos adultos. Las variables más dimórficas corresponden al diámetro bucolingual del canino superior y de ambos segundos molares; en estos casos, las diferencias entre los sexos son estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados obtenidos sobre el dimorfismo sexual se ubican en el extremo superior de los valores correspondientes a diferentes poblaciones humanas. Varios individuos que no contaban con información sexual a través de los métodos tradicionales pudieron ser clasificados desde la métrica dental, lo cual da cuenta del importante potencial de las medidas dentales para contribuir a las caracterizaciones paleodemográficas de conjuntos bioarqueológicos, especialmente en contextos perturbados y con escasa integridad esqueletal.</p><p>Palabras clave: métrica dental; determinación sexual; cazadores-recolectores; curso inferior del río Colorado; Holoceno tardío.</p><p>Abstract<br />The aim of this paper is to evaluate the relevance of dental metrics for obtaining sexual information in individuals who inhabited the lower basin of the Colorado River during the Late Holocene (ca. 3000-250 years BP), to discuss the degree of sexual dimorphism and to identify those quantitative variables adequate for sexual determination of new individuals to be included in future studies. The buccolingual and mesiodistal maximum neck diameters of 26 individual adults were studied. The most dimorphic variables correspond to the buccolingual diameter of the upper canine and both second molars; in these cases, sex differences are statistically significant. The results obtained about sexual dimorphism are located at the upper end of the range for different human populations. Several individuals who had no previous sexual information could be classified using these measurements, which accounts for the significant potential of dental metrics in palaeodemographic characterizations, especially in disturbed bioarchaeological samples.</p><p>Keywords: dental metrics; sexual determination; hunter-gatherers; lower basin of the Colorado River; Late Holocene.</p>

Some multivariate tests for differences in sexual dimorphism between human populations

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.N. van Vark ◽  
P.G.M. van der Sman ◽  
J. Dijkema ◽  
J.E. Buikstra
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Multivariate Tests

scholarly journals Size and Shape: Morphology's Impact on Human Speed and Mobility

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara M. Wall-Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Optimal Speed ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Tibia Length

While human sexual dimorphism is generally expected to be the result of differential reproductive strategies, it has the potential to create differences in the energetics of locomotion and the speed at which each morph travels, particularly since people have been shown to choose walking speeds around their metabolic optimum. Here, people of varying sizes walked around a track at four self-selected speeds while their metabolic rate was collected, in order to test whether the size variation within a population could significantly affect the shape of the optimal walking curve. The data show that larger people have significantly faster optimal walking speeds, higher costs at their optimal speed, and a more acute optimal walking curve (thus an increased penalty for walking at suboptimal speeds). Bigger people who also have wider bitrochanteric breadths have lower metabolic costs at their minimum than bigger people with a more narrow bitrochanteric breadth. Finally, tibia length significantly positively predicts optimal walking speed. These results suggest sex-specific walking groups typical of living human populations may be the result of energy maximizing strategies. In addition, testable hypotheses of group strategies are put forth.

scholarly journals Facial and body sexual dimorphism are not interconnected in the Maasai

2022 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina L. Butovskaya ◽  
Victoria V. Rostovtseva ◽  
Anna A. Mezentseva
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
The Face ◽  
Full Face

Abstract Background In this paper, we investigate facial sexual dimorphism and its’ association with body dimorphism in Maasai, the traditional seminomadic population of Tanzania. We discuss findings on other human populations and possible factors affecting the developmental processes in Maasai. Methods Full-face anthropological photographs were obtained from 305 Maasai (185 men, 120 women) aged 17–90 years. Facial shape was assessed combining geometric morphometrics and classical facial indices. Body parameters were measured directly using precise anthropological instruments. Results Sexual dimorphism in Maasai faces was low, sex explained 1.8% of the total shape variance. However, male faces were relatively narrower and vertically prolonged, with slightly wider noses, narrower-set and lower eyebrows, wider mouths, and higher forehead hairline. The most sexually dimorphic regions of the face were the lower jaw and the nose. Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), measured in six known variants, revealed no significant sexual dimorphism. The allometric effects on facial traits were mostly related to the face growth, rather than the growth of the whole body (body height). Significant body dimorphism was demonstrated, men being significantly higher, with larger wrist diameter and hand grip strength, and women having higher BMI, hips circumferences, upper arm circumferences, triceps skinfolds. Facial and body sexual dimorphisms were not associated. Conclusions Facial sex differences in Maasai are very low, while on the contrary, the body sexual dimorphism is high. There were practically no associations between facial and body measures. These findings are interpreted in the light of trade-offs between environmental, cultural, and sexual selection pressures.

scholarly journals How and why patterns of sexual dimorphism in human faces vary across the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Kleisner ◽  
Petr Tureček ◽  
S. Craig Roberts ◽  
Jan Havlíček ◽  
Jaroslava Varella Valentova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Mate Choice ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Facial Shape ◽  
Human Faces

AbstractSexual selection, including mate choice and intrasexual competition, is responsible for the evolution of some of the most elaborated and sexually dimorphic traits in animals. Although there is sexual dimorphism in the shape of human faces, it is not clear whether this is similarly due to mate choice, or whether mate choice affects only part of the facial shape difference between men and women. Here we explore these questions by investigating patterns of both facial shape and facial preference across a diverse set of human populations. We find evidence that human populations vary substantially and unexpectedly in both the magnitude and direction of facial sexually dimorphic traits. In particular, European and South American populations display larger levels of facial sexual dimorphism than African populations. Neither cross-cultural differences in facial shape variation, sex differences in body height, nor differing preferences for facial femininity and masculinity across countries, explain the observed patterns of facial dimorphism. Altogether, the association between sexual shape dimorphism and attractiveness is moderate for women and weak (or absent) for men. Analysis that distinguishes between allometric and non-allometric components reveals that non-allometric facial dimorphism is preferred in women’s faces but not in faces of men. This might be due to different regimes of ongoing sexual selection acting on men, such as stronger intersexual selection for body height and more intense intrasexual physical competition, compared with women.

scholarly journals Diachronic Evidence in Nonmetric Morphological Characters of Teeth in Armenian Highland and Georgia Populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Anahit Khudaverdyan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biocultural Diversity ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Biological Distance ◽  
Armenian Highland

The aim of the study is the assessment of biological distance between populations from Arme-nian highland and Georgia based on the frequency of nonmetric odontological traits. These traits are characterized by high inter-population differentiation, low sexual dimorphism, and relatively small intra and inter observer recordation error. This paper presents the results of the odontological differentiation of human populations from Armenian highland and Georgia. The comparative analysis was carried out on 12 populations. Trait frequencies for all populations were analysed using principal component analysis. Results support the following conclusions: The populations of Armenian highland and Georgia can be differentiated as far as the frequency of odontological traits are concerned. Biocultural diversity of ancient Transcaucasian populations has not been studied extensively, therefore delineating some of the patterns of phenotypic variation may be useful for understanding their ongoing evolution.

A Bone to Pick

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Boix ◽  
Frances Rosenbluth
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Efficient Allocation ◽  
Sexual Division ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measures Of Inequality ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The frameworks of modern economics demonstrate how stature and sexual dimorphism can be used to model inequality among human populations. The authors synthesize a wide range of data from archaeological and historic contexts to characterize stature variation during the Neolithic and the Industrial revolutions. First, they find that the shift from foraging to farming widely introduced inequalities significant enough to affect the distribution of health and stature and was fundamentally linked to the invention of coercive sociopolitical mechanisms. Second, a rise in sexual dimorphism that accompanies intensive agriculture and may often reflect both a society’s more efficient allocation of nutrition and a drop in female bargaining power related to increased sexual division of labor and gendered inequalities. Third, political structures deeply shape nutritional outcomes. As economists, they engage a literature and measures of inequality that are foreign to most archaeologists. Aside from the substance of their findings, this chapter represents a valuable cross-disciplinary contribution.

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