Sibling resemblance and the effects of gamete formation, independent reassortment, paternal uncertainty, twining, and adoption.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-101
Author(s):  
Gordon G. Gallup ◽  
Benjamin C. Ampel
Keyword(s):  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Sibling Resemblance ◽  
Paternal Uncertainty

scholarly journals Haploid induction by a maize cenh3 null mutant

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. eabe2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wang ◽  
Jonathan I. Gent ◽  
R. Kelly Dawe
Keyword(s):  
Histone H3 ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Null Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Haploid Induction ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Subsequent Loss

The production of haploids is an important first step in creating many new plant varieties. One approach used in Arabidopsis involves crossing plants expressing different forms of centromeric histone H3 (CENP-A/CENH3) and subsequent loss of genome with weaker centromeres. However, the method has been ineffective in crop plants. Here, we describe a greatly simplified method based on crossing maize lines that are heterozygous for a cenh3 null mutation. Crossing +/cenh3 to wild-type plants in both directions yielded haploid progeny. Genome elimination was determined by the cenh3 genotype of the gametophyte, suggesting that centromere failure is caused by CENH3 dilution during the postmeiotic cell divisions that precede gamete formation. The cenh3 haploid inducer works as a vigorous hybrid and can be transferred to other lines in a single cross, making it versatile for a variety of applications.

Sibling Resemblance and Intersibling Effects in Educational Attainment

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Hauser ◽  
Raymond Sin-Kwok Wong
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Sibling Resemblance

Mechanism underlying 2n male and female gamete formation in lemon via cytological and molecular marker analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Dong Xie ◽  
Qiang-Ming Xia ◽  
Jun Peng ◽  
Xiao-Meng Wu ◽  
Zong-Zhou Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Female Gamete ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Marker Analysis ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Young Ovaries Reveals Candidate Genes Involved in Gamete Formation in Lantana camara

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Peng ◽  
Krishna Bhattarai ◽  
Saroj Parajuli ◽  
Zhe Cao ◽  
Zhanao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Unreduced Gamete ◽  
Genomic Resources ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Gamete Production

Lantana (Lantana camara L., Verbenaceae) is an important ornamental crop, yet can be a highly invasive species. The formation of unreduced female gametes (UFGs) is a major factor contributing to its invasiveness and has severely hindered the development of sterile cultivars. To enrich the genomic resources and gain insight into the genetic mechanisms of UFG formation in lantana, we investigated the transcriptomes of young ovaries of two lantana genotypes, GDGHOP-36 (GGO), producing 100% UFGs, and a cultivar Landmark White Lantana (LWL), not producing UFGs. The de novo transcriptome assembly resulted in a total of 90,641 unique transcript sequences with an N50 of 1692 bp, among which, 29,383 sequences contained full-length coding sequences (CDS). There were 214 transcripts associated with the biological processes of gamete production and 10 gene families orthologous to genes known to control unreduced gamete production in Arabidopsis. We identified 925 transcription factor (TF)-encoding sequences, 91 nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-containing genes, and gene families related to drought/salt tolerance and allelopathy. These genomic resources and candidate genes involved in gamete formation will be valuable for developing new tools to control the invasiveness in L. camara, protect native lantana species, and understand the formation of unreduced gametes in plants.

Analysis of sibling resemblance in anthropometric somatotype components

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rebato, I. Salces, J. Rosique, L
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Resemblance

Performance of Tripfoid Pacific Oysters, Crassostrea gigas: Gametogenesis

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Standish K. Allen Jr. ◽  
Sandra L. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Reproductive Season ◽  
Sexual Expression ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Gamete Formation

Triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were produced by treating newly fertilized eggs with cytochalasin B. After a year of growth, diploid and triploid oysters were sampled throughout the reproductive season to determine the effect of triploidy on gamete formation and sexual expression. Relative to diploids, gametogenesis in triploids was retarded but not absent: both male and female triploids produced some gonad. Gametogenesis in most triploid males resulted in spermatid production; all triploid males produced numerous spermatocytes. Oocyte formation in most triploid females was severely retarded, although some triploid females produced numerous eggs. Hermaphroditism in the triploid population was markedly higher than in diploids: 29 versus 1%, respectively. The ratio of males:females was the same in diploids and triploids.

scholarly journals Low rate of somatic mutations in a long-lived oak tree

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata Sarkar ◽  
Emanuel Schmid-Siegert ◽  
Christian Iseli ◽  
Sandra Calderon ◽  
Caroline Gouhier-Darimont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Gamete Formation ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Sequential Appearance ◽  
Low Rate ◽  
Shoot Meristems

Because plants do not possess a proper germline, deleterious somatic mutations can be passed to gametes and a large number of cell divisions separating zygote from gamete formation in long-lived plants may lead to many mutations. We sequenced the genome of two terminal branches of a 234-year-old oak tree and found few fixed somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), whose sequential appearance in the tree could be traced along nested sectors of younger branches. Our data suggest that stem cells of shoot meristems are robustly protected from accumulation of mutations in trees.

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