Did our ancestors fear the unknown? The role of predation in the survival advantage.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Kazanas ◽  
Jeanette Altarriba
Keyword(s):  
Survival Advantage

scholarly journals Transendothelial migration confers a survival advantage to activated T lymphocytes: role of LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. BORTHWICK ◽  
A. A. AKBAR ◽  
C. BUCKLEY ◽  
D. PILLING ◽  
M. SALMON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Transendothelial Migration ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Activated T Lymphocytes

The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with borderline or locally advanced pancreatic cancer: Is it safe and feasible?

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 685-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Oba ◽  
Christopher Hanyoung Lieu ◽  
Cheryl Lauren Meguid ◽  
Sarah Lindsey Davis ◽  
Alexis Diane Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

685 Background: For borderline resectable (BRPC) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), neoadjuvant (NAT) FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) are standard treatment options and these regimens have shown a survival advantage over single-agent gemcitabine. However, the role of these modern therapeutic regimens in elderly patients is debatable. In this analysis, we evaluated the outcomes of neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) with combination chemotherapy in elderly patients. Methods: 230 consecutive patients who underwent neoadjuvant treatment for BRPC/LAPC discussed and planned for NAT at the University of Colorado Cancer Center from January 2011 to March 2019 were reviewed. 214 patients who received FOLFIRINOX (n = 143) or GnP (n = 71) were eligible for analysis. We divided all patients into three groups ( < 70, 70-74, ≥75 years) and compared the short-term and long-term outcomes. Results: Of 214 patients, patients < 70 (n = 147) received FOLFIRINOX more frequently than the other groups (p < 0.001): FOLFIRINOX: 115 cases, GnP: 32 cases, 70-74 years (n = 33): FOLFIRINOX: 15 cases, GnP: 18 cases, and ≥75 years (n = 34): FOLFIRINOX: 13 cases, GnP: 21 cases. Resection rates were not statistically different between three groups ( < 70: 62%, 70-74: 70%, ≥75 years: 56%, p = 0.504). There was a slight trend towards worse survival in the two older groups (Median Survival Time [MST]: < 70: 23.2 mo., 70-74: 19.5 mo., ≥75 years: 17.6 mo., p = 0.075) The FOLFIRINOX group was superior to GnP group in all three groups (MST: < 70: 25.6 vs 18.2 mo., p = 0.017; 70-74: 33.2 vs 16.1mo., p = 0.029; ≥75 years: not reached vs 16.1 mo., p = 0.135). There were no toxic deaths or 30 day mortality after pancreatectomy in the study population. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy regimens were safe and feasible for elderly patients. Neoadjuvant therapy with FOLFIRINOX was associated with a survival advantage vs GnP and is an good option for fit and elderly patients ≥75 years.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENT IN RESISTANCE TO ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS INFECTION WITH A COMMON MOUSE PATHOGEN, CORYNEBACTERIUM KUTSCHERI

1966 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D. Caren ◽  
L. T. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Equal Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Immune Hemolysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Normal Laboratory ◽  
Better Than

In mice, the presence or absence of a single complement (C') component, called hc1, is controlled by two alleles at the Hc locus. The sera of mice which lack this C' component do not manifest C'-mediated immune hemolysis. When challenged with the common mouse pathogen, Corynebacterium kutscheri, mice possessing hemolytic C' fare slightly better than C'-deficient mice. When mice harboring latent C. kutscheri are administered hydrocortisone, which depresses mouse serum C' levels, pseudotuberculosis is activated with equal frequency in mice of both C' types. These data suggest that in at least one situation the presence of the complete hemolytic C' system may be advantageous to the mouse. In contrast, evidence is presented which shows that under normal laboratory conditions, C'-deficient B10.D2 "old line" mice (Hc0/Hc0) have a survival advantage over C'-positive B10.D2 "new line" mice (Hc1/Hic1) during the first 3 wk of life. It is therefore concluded that mouse hemolytic C' has a balanced survival value—that is, under one set of conditions it may be advantageous, whereas in another situation, it may be disadvantageous.

scholarly journals Tuning the flagellar motor

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai M. Thormann ◽  
Anja Paulick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Flagellar Motor ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Flagellar Motors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flagellar Rotation

Many bacteria are motile by means of flagella, semi-rigid helical filaments rotated at the filament's base and energized by proton or sodium-ion gradients. Torque is created between the two major components of the flagellar motor: the rotating switch complex and the cell-wall-associated stators, which are arranged in a dynamic ring-like structure. Being motile provides a survival advantage to many bacteria, and thus the flagellar motor should work optimally under a wide range of environmental conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that numerous species possess a single flagellar system but have two or more individual stator systems that contribute differentially to flagellar rotation. This review describes recent findings on rotor–stator interactions, on the role of different stators, and on how stator selection could be regulated. An emerging model suggests that bacterial flagellar motors are dynamic and can be tuned by stator swapping in response to different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Multi-omics analysis of m6A modification-related patterns based on m6A regulators and tumor microenvironment infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xincheng Wu ◽  
Zhengping Bai
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Mutation Burden

AbstractEpigenetic modifications, especially N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, play a key role in tumor microenvironment (TME) infiltration. However, the regulatory role of m6A modification in the TME of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. A total of 2506 patients with LUAD were included in the analysis and divided into different groups according to distinct m6A modification-related patterns based on 23 m6A regulators. A comprehensive analysis was performed to explore TME infiltration in different m6A modification-related patterns. Principal component analysis was performed to obtain the m6Ascore and to quantify m6A modification-related patterns in different individuals. Three distinct m6A modification-related patterns were identified by 23 m6A regulators. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that m6Acluster-A was associated with immune activation; m6Acluster-B was associated with carcinogenic activation; m6Acluster-C was prominently related to substance metabolism. M6Acluster-A was remarkably rich in TME-infiltrating immune cells and patients with this pattern showed a survival advantage. The m6Ascore could predict TME infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), the effect of tumor immunotherapy, and the prognosis of patients in LUAD. High m6Ascore was characterized by increased TME infiltration, reduced TMB, and survival advantage. Patients with a high m6Ascore exhibited significantly improved clinical response to anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (anti-CTLA4) immunotherapy. This study explored the regulatory mechanisms of TME infiltration in LUAD. The comprehensive analysis of m6A modification-related patterns may contribute to the development of individualized immunotherapy and the improvement of the overall effectiveness of immunotherapy for LUAD patients.

scholarly journals Quantifying the benefit of chemotherapy and radiation in low-grade glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of numbers needed to treat.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2057-2057
Author(s):  
Timothy J Brown ◽  
Daniela Annenelie Bota ◽  
Elizabeth A. Maher ◽  
Dawit Gebremichael Aregawi ◽  
Linda M. Liau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Grade Glioma ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Numbers Needed To Treat

2057 Background: The optimal role of chemotherapy and radiation (RT) in adult low-grade glioma (LGG, WHO grade 1 & 2) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis of the literature on overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in patients with LGG. Methods: Pubmed was queried with MeSH terms. All comparative studies of adults with newly diagnosed, supratentorial LGG were included. Comparisons of interest were OS and PFS at 2, 5, and 10 years in chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy and early RT versus delayed or no RT. Data were extracted from studies and synthesized with a random effects model. Quality of evidence was determined by American Academy of Neurology criteria and further analysis was performed, separating high quality (class I and II) from low quality (class III and IV) evidence. Numbers needed to treat (NNT) were determined from the risk difference. Results: 1531 articles were screened; 18 studies were included. Chemotherapy was not associated with a significant survival advantage compared to control. However, an analysis of high quality data revealed a survival advantage at 10 years associated with chemotherapy compared to control with NNT 5 (relative risk death chemo vs control 0.69 [0.56-0.86] p = 0.0006). Furthermore, NNT to prevent one progression with chemotherapy at 5 and 10 years was 6 and 3, respectively. Early RT was not associated with an OS advantage compared to control. However, early RT had progression benefit at all time points, with NNT of 10, 6, and 5 at 2, 5, and 10 years. Conclusions: Further study will be needed to confirm the optimal role of chemotherapy and RT. Caution must be used in interpretation as much of the literature consists of low-quality studies. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Selection of Infusion Prostacyclin Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Not Just a Last Resort

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Robert Schilz ◽  
Myung Park
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Selection Of

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, fatal vasculopathy that clinically manifests as increased pulmonary vascular resistance and elevation of pulmonary arterial pressures, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Median untreated survival period is 2.8 years, with a survival rate of 34% at 5 years before the availability of epoprostenol.1 Parenteral prostacyclin therapy is arguably the most effective and longest Food and Drug Administration-approved class of drugs for PAH and has been included in guidelines for treatment of PAH for almost 20 years. Intravenous epoprostenol as Flolan® remains the only drug that has demonstrated a survival advantage (Figure 1).2 Despite this demonstration of survival advantage and early evidence in its ability to improve a majority (70%) of patients to a point where they no longer required active listing for lung transplantation,3 epoprostenol or other infusion agents have consistently been shown to be withheld or underutilized in patients with advanced PAH.45 This apparent paradox as well as significant successful prostacyclin therapy in a variety of PAH patients6–8 forms the basis of our discussion on the role of infusion prostacyclins in modern management of PAH.

scholarly journals 0418: Survival advantage of Eisenmenger syndrome patients: the role of right ventricular transverse strain

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Pamela Moceri ◽  
Priscille Bouvier ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Elie Dan Schouver ◽  
Konstantinos Dimopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Survival Advantage ◽  
Transverse Strain ◽  
Eisenmenger Syndrome

The role of learning by a predator, Rivulus hartii , in the rare-morph survival advantage in guppies

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2597-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Fraser ◽  
K. A. Hughes ◽  
D. N. Tosh ◽  
F. H. Rodd
Keyword(s):  
Survival Advantage
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