Proactivity after a rare event: Examining the role of empathy and attributions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-cheng Steve Chi ◽  
Shu-chen Chen ◽  
Ray Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Rare Event

scholarly journals Chromosomal Analysis in Crotophaga ani (Aves, Cuculiformes) Reveals Extensive Genomic Reorganization and an Unusual Z-Autosome Robertsonian Translocation

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Rafael Kretschmer ◽  
Ricardo José Gunski ◽  
Analía del Valle Garnero ◽  
Thales Renato Ochotorena de Freitas ◽  
Gustavo Akira Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Robertsonian Translocation ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Z Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic ◽  
Intrachromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Genomic Reorganization

Although cytogenetics studies in cuckoos (Aves, Cuculiformes) have demonstrated an interesting karyotype variation, such as variations in the chromosome morphology and diploid number, their chromosome organization and evolution, and relation with other birds are poorly understood. Hence, we combined conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches to investigate chromosome homologies between chicken and the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani). Our results demonstrate extensive chromosome reorganization in C. ani, with interchromosomal rearrangements involving macro and microchromosomes. Intrachromosomal rearrangements were observed in some macrochromosomes, including the Z chromosome. The most evolutionary notable finding was a Robertsonian translocation between the microchromosome 17 and the Z chromosome, a rare event in birds. Additionally, the simple short repeats (SSRs) tested here were preferentially accumulated in the microchromosomes and in the Z and W chromosomes, showing no relationship with the constitutive heterochromatin regions, except in the W chromosome. Taken together, our results suggest that the avian sex chromosome is more complex than previously postulated and revealed the role of microchromosomes in the avian sex chromosome evolution, especially cuckoos.

scholarly journals Giant Intrahepatic Subcapsular Haematoma: A Rare Complication following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy—A Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Eltaib Saad ◽  
Lauren O’Connell ◽  
Anne M. Browne ◽  
W. Khan ◽  
R. Waldron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Complication ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Postoperative Monitoring ◽  
Refractory Hypotension ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tomography Scan

We report on a 59-year-old female with symptomatic cholelithiasis on a background of morbid obesity who underwent an elective LC with an uncomplicated intraoperative course; however, she experienced a refractory hypotension within one hour postoperatively with an acute haemoglobin drop requiring fluid resuscitation and blood transfusion. A triphasic computed tomography scan revealed a large intrahepatic subcapsular haematoma (ISH) measuring 21   cm × 3.1   cm × 17   cm surrounding the lateral surface of the right hepatic lobe without active bleeding. She was managed conservatively with serial monitoring of haemoglobin and haematoma size. A follow-up ultrasound scan after eight weeks confirmed complete resolution of the haematoma. Giant ISH is a fairly rare, but life-threatening complication following LC which merits special attention. This case demonstrates the necessity of close postoperative monitoring of patients undergoing LC and considering the possibility of ISH, although being rare event, in those who experience a refractory postoperative hypotension. It also highlights the decisive role of diagnostic imaging in securing a timely and accurate diagnosis of post LC-ISH.

Potential impacts of anthropogenic forcing on the consecutive 2018-19 droughts in the central Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittal Hari ◽  
Oldrich Rakovec ◽  
Martin Hanel ◽  
Yannis Markonis ◽  
Rohini Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Anthropogenic Forcing

<p>The damages caused by climate extremes to socio-economy and environment is unprecedented during the recent decades, and it causes even more damage when the climate extremes occur in consecutive years. Since the starting of this Century, Europe has witnessed a series of extreme droughts (2003, 2010, 2015, 2018-19) with substantial socioeconomic and ecological losses. This study, with the help of long term data inventory starting from 1766-present, evaluates the occurrence of consecutive two-year droughts using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standard Precipitation-Evaporation Index (SPEI) during the vegetation period. Although, the 2018 drought is reported in many of the recent studies, 2019 also suffered a huge rainfall deficit together with rising atmospheric temperature. This indicates an increasing evapotranspiration rates, which may intensify the existing drought conditions that originally developed from rainfall deficits. These effects are further noticed in terms of widespread reduction in the overall vegetative development during 2018-2019.</p><p>Considering this impact, we evaluate 2018-19 droughts in terms of both SPI and SPEI and compare its extent with the extreme hot drought of 2003 to place these ongoing droughts within a climatological context. The average severity of the combined two-year drought event (2018-19) is comparable to that of the 2003 drought. However, for the 2003 event, the drought recovered during the proceeding year, which was not the case for the year 2018-19, which is evident from decline in vegetation development dynamics. Furthermore, the analysis with consecutive droughts during 2018-19 in Central Europe shows that it is a very rare event with a return period of over 200 years; and therefore can be considered as one of the most severe droughts in Europe since 1766. </p><p>Using a suite of climate model simulations from CMIP-5 (N=12), we detected an important and potential role of human-induced climate change in increasing the risk of occurrence of the consecutive droughts over central Europe. Here, with the implementation of the fraction of attributable risk (FAR), we show the signifying role of human influence (or anthropogenic forcing) in modulating the consecutive year droughts. Furthermore, these events in the future projection of climate models suggest an increasing frequency in the latter part of 21st century.</p>

scholarly journals Giant Olfactory Groove Meningioma in Pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Rizky Hutagalung ◽  
Faisal ◽  
Ridha Dharmajaya
Keyword(s):  
Rare Event ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Olfactory Groove ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Olfactory Groove Meningioma ◽  
Slow Growing

Introduction: Meningioma is slow growing neoplasm cells that comes from arachnoid cap most common benign intracranial tumours. Olfactory groove meningiomas (OGM) account for 8–13% of all intracranial meningiomas. Intracranial tumors on pregnancy is a rare event, with few reports. Case Presentation: A 36-year-old- female (G11P9A1) 34 gestational week presented to the Adam Malik General Hospital with smelling disturbances for 6 months and lossing smelling sense in the past 1 month. Slowly progression of vision disturbances for 3 months without improvement in using glasses, progressive loss of vision in both eyes for the past 1 month. CT scan and MRI revealead a solid mass lesion, with 6.3 x 4.2 x 3.1 cm. It was a supratentorial in frontal region, olfactory groove mass. The Craniotomy tumor removal was performed in this patient. Discussion: Meningiomas are mostly silent brain tumors with slow growth, however may get detected and mostly become symptomatic during pregnancy and luteal phase of menstrual cycle due to increase in size secondary to either water retention, enhanced vascularity or progesterones are possible etiologies. The majority of meningiomas express progesterone reseptor, which can be detected also by immunohistochemistry. In fact, tumour growth when progesterone concentrations are higher, shows the role of sex hormones in the mechanism. Regardless of the status of pregnancy, symptomatic and large meningiomas require surgical resection. Conclusion: Changes of plasma concentration hormones during pregnancy and their effect on meningioma growth in the second and third trimester are crucial and critical. The management of brain lesions during pregnancy required professional collaboration between neurosurgeons, obstetricians and anesthesiologists.

Proactivity after a Rare Event: Examining the Role of Empathy and Attributions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Cheng Chi ◽  
Ray A. Friedman ◽  
Chen Shu-chen
Keyword(s):  
Rare Event

THE ROLE OF GENETICS AND OTHER PRENATAL FACTORS IN DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Josef Warkany ◽  
F. C. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Gene Pair ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Round Table ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Prenatal Factors ◽  
Biochemical Factor ◽  
Hereditary Factors

THE PHYSICIAN interested in the etiology of a disease should always try to ascertain as many etiologic factors as possible, because the causal pathogenic web can often be disturbed from different angles. Although hereditary factors will be the main topic of this round table, we shall stress that they never act in a vacuum. The genes direct the development of the embryo and fetus, but the development depends also upon an environment limited by the mother's body and surroundings. Certain terms are fundamental to an understanding of heredity: Chromosomes. The nuclear carriers of the hereditary factors, the genes. Each nucleated somatic cell of a person's body has 24 pairs of chromosomes, each pair carrying hundreds of genes. One member of each pair is derived from the person's mother and one from the father. In the female there are 23 pairs of autosomes (non-sex chromosomes) and 1 pair of like sex chromosomes (X-chromosomes). In the male there are 23 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of unlike sex chromosomes (one X and one Y-chromosome). Gene. The particulate biochemical factor responsible for a particular hereditary characteristic. As the genes are carried on the chromosomes, they also occur in pairs. Each pair occupies a particular locus on the chromosomes. Genes located at the same locus are termed alleles. A child gets 1 member of each gene pair from each parent. Sometimes by the rare event of mutation, a gene becomes changed into one that may function abnormally—a "pathologic" gene. Homozygote. An individual in whom the gene pair in question consists of 2 like genes. Heterozygote. An individual in whom the gene pair in question consists of unlike genes. Depending upon the type (dominant or recessive) and location (autosome or sex chromosome) of the gene, several types of inheritance patterns are possible.

scholarly journals Evidence Based Solving Approach in Diagnosis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism with Oral Manifestations: Report of Three Unusual Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Bindal ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Harkanwal Preet Singh ◽  
Sanjiv Kumar Bansal ◽  
Aadya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Osteolytic Lesions ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Radiological Procedures ◽  
Work Up

ABSTRACTPrimary hyperparathyroidism is a common condition that affects 0.3% of the general population in which excessive production of PTH is there. With changing trends it is diagnosed early and asymptomatically with the improvements in routine biochemical tests and radiological procedures. The late bony complications of the disease have therefore started to decline rapidly. The mandible is the predominantly affected site in the maxillofacial area. Maxillary involvement is rare. Here, we reported series of three cases of 30-40-year-old women with osteolytic lesions and bone resorption in maxilla or mandible. Two of presented cases demonstrated evidence of lesions in both mandible and maxilla which is a very rare event. A thorough diagnostic work-up emphasizing on biochemical and radiographic investigations were discussed. We highlighted the role of endocrinologist, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, general practitioner dentists, and radiologists in diagnosing and managing such patients.

Stroke in Young Adults: The Role of Paradoxical Embolism

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Chant ◽  
Charles McCollum
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Paradoxical Embolism ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Stroke In Young Adults ◽  
Stroke In Young

SummaryStroke in young adults may be devastating and frequently no cause can be found. However, there is ample literature to suggest an association between cryptogenic stroke in young people and paradoxical embolisation via a venous to arterial circulation shunt (v-aCS), commonly due to patent foramen ovale (PFO). Although paradoxical embolisation is assumed to be a rare event, this review suggests that it is an important or even dominant cause of stroke in young people and that a transcranial Doppler (TCD) technique may be the investigation of choice to identify v-aCS.Appendix I, II on pp. 26-7

Use of antiresorptive therapy (ART) and skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN).

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4096-4096
Author(s):  
Leonidas Apostolidis ◽  
Dirk Jaeger ◽  
Eva Caroline Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Antiresorptive Therapy ◽  
Negative Prognostic Factor ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
Osteolytic Metastases ◽  
Skeletal Related Events ◽  
Grade 3

4096 Background: Antiresorptive therapy (ART) with bisphosphonates or denosumab is effective in preventing skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases (BM). In neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN), BM are a negative prognostic factor, however tend to be asymptomatic and SREs are considered a rare event. The role of ART in preventing SREs in NEN has not been investigated so far. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients with bone metastases in the NEN database of the National Center for Tumor Diseases who presented at our center between 12/2012 and 01/2017. Overall survival (OS) from diagnosis of BM as well as time to SRE (TTSRE) were calculated. In patients experiencing an SRE within 1 month after diagnosis (i.e. before efficacy of ART could be assessed), TTSRE was defined as the time to a subsequent SRE. Results: In a total of 513 patients in the database, 108 patients with BM could be identified. Median OS was not reached in a median follow-up of 15.2 months. ART was applied to 42.6 % of patients. OS with or without ART did not differ significantly (p = 0.2538). 28.7 % of patients experienced at least 1 SRE, 20.4 % after more than 1 month. Median TTSRE was 63.8 months with ART and 127.0 months without ART (p = 0.1751). TTSRE was shortened in grade 3 vs. grade 1+2 NEN (172 months vs. not reached, HR 4.058, p = 0.0032), as well as in lytic vs. non-lytic metastases (24.5 vs. not reached, HR 7.319, p < 0.0001), however not significantly different in oligometastatic vs. disseminated bone disease (not reached vs. 63,8 months, HR 1.415, p = 0.4287). Application of ART did not significantly change TTSRE in either of these subgroups. Significant toxicity attributable to ART was observed in 15.2 % of ART patients. Conclusions: SREs in NEN patients with BM were not uncommon, especially in patients with grade 3 NEN and osteolytic metastases. Application of ART did not significantly alter median OS or TTSRE, no subgroup with a benefit of ART could be identified. The use of ART in NEN should be questioned and evaluated prospectively.

Post-Radiation Angiosarcoma of the Breast: A Clinical Case

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bonetta ◽  
Claudio Pagliari ◽  
Brunello Morrica
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Axillary Dissection ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Angiosarcoma Of The Breast ◽  
Post Radiation ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

After conservative treatment of breast carcinoma (quadran-tectomy and axillary dissection, plus radiotherapy), the growth of an angiosarcoma in the irradiated skin is a very rare event. We report a case, developed in the breast skin 62 months after the irradiation, and discuss the therapeutic possibilities and the role of follow-up in these patients.

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