Information processing in the advisor-judge paradigm of group decision-making

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S. Cooper ◽  
Janet A. Sniezek
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision

scholarly journals A new measure of group decision-making efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Ju Hsieh ◽  
Mario Fifić ◽  
Cheng-Ta Yang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
System Level ◽  
Workload Capacity ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Collective Benefit

Abstract It has widely been accepted that aggregating group-level decisions is superior to individual decisions. As compared to individuals, groups tend to show a decision advantage in their response accuracy. However, there has been a lack of research exploring whether group decisions are more efficient than individual decisions with a faster information-processing speed. To investigate the relationship between accuracy and response time (RT) in group decision-making, we applied systems’ factorial technology, developed by Townsend and Nozawa (Journal of Mathematical Psychology 39, 321–359, 1995) and regarded as a theory-driven methodology, to study the information-processing properties. More specifically, we measured the workload capacity CAND(t), which only considers the correct responses, and the assessment function of capacity AAND(t), which considers the speed-accuracy trade-off, to make a strong inference about the system-level processing efficiency. A two-interval, forced-choice oddball detection task, where participants had to detect which interval contains an odd target, was conducted in Experiment 1. Then, in Experiment 2, a yes/no Gabor detection task was adopted, where participants had to detect the presence of a Gabor patch. Our results replicated previous findings using the accuracy-based measure: Group detection sensitivity was better than the detection sensitivity of the best individual, especially when the two individuals had similar detection sensitivities. On the other hand, both workload capacity measures, CAND(t) and AAND(t), showed evidence of supercapacity processing, thus suggesting a collective benefit. The ordered relationship between accuracy-based and RT-based collective benefit was limited to the AAND(t) of the correct and fast responses, which may help uncover the processing mechanism behind collective benefits. Our results suggested that AAND(t), which combines both accuracy and RT into inferences, can be regarded as a novel and diagnostic tool for studying the group decision-making process.

Cases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Complex Signaling

Chapter 2 begins to illustrate the problem with details of recent scientific research into plants and bacteria and the uses of psychological predicates to describe the new discoveries. Plants are responsive to their environments in ways that have prompted researchers to ascribe learning, individuality, the ability to make choices, and other capacities to them. Bacterial colonies possess complex signaling mechanisms for communication and group decision-making. Individual bacteria, once considered mere bags of chemicals, have internal machinery that enables them to engage in signal transduction and information-processing. The chapter further articulates the role in the debate of the assumption that human mental capacities are the standard to which all other entities’ capacities are compared and found wanting. It begins to defend Literalism’s denial of this anthropocentrism of psychology. The growing evidence reveals how the burden of proof is shifting onto those to object to a default literal interpretation of psychological terms in the new domains.

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