Bilateral Eye Movements and EEG Coherence During Positive Memories: Implications for PTSD and EMDR

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Keller ◽  
Larry C. Stevens ◽  
Kateryna Boyce ◽  
Colleen Lui ◽  
James Murray
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Positive Memories

Effect of Bilateral Eye Movements on Frontal Interhemispheric Gamma EEG Coherence

2007 ◽  
Vol 195 (9) ◽  
pp. 785-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Propper ◽  
Jenna Pierce ◽  
Mark W. Geisler ◽  
Stephen D. Christman ◽  
Nathan Bellorado
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eeg Coherence

Bilateral Eye Movements and EEG Coherence During Negative Memories: Implications for PTSD and EMDR

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Yaggie ◽  
Larry C. Stevens ◽  
Seth Miller ◽  
Angela Abbott ◽  
Melissa Scott
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Negative Memories

scholarly journals Fifteen to Twenty Seconds of Eye Movements Have No Effect on Believability of Positive Personal Verbal Statements: Results From a Working Memory Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-90
Author(s):  
Suzy Matthijssen ◽  
Marcel van den Hout
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Modality Effects ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
Auditory Tasks ◽  
Positive Memories

According to working memory theory, a task that taxes working memory during simultaneous focus on a memory will tend to reduce memory vividness and emotional intensity. Results have been found for both negative and positive memories. Some studies have shown the necessity of modality-specific tasks, with visual tasks producing greater deterioration of a visual memory, and auditory tasks reducing the quality of an auditory or verbal memory; other studies have reported cross-modality effects. Research has confirmed that eye movements similar to those in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy produce these effects on visual imagery. However, the effects of eye movements on positive verbal imagery remain unclear. This study tested the effects of eye movements on positive verbal statements. In two experiments, undergraduates performed 15–20 seconds of eye movements or 15–20 seconds of keeping eyes stationary while focusing on a statement of a positive relevant personality trait (e.g., “I’m persistent”). Results showed that 15–20 seconds of eye movements did not enhance or diminish participant’s belief in possessing the trait. Discussion focuses on methodological factors and calls for future research on the effect of eye movements on verbal material.

Evaluating the Effect of Eye Movements on Positive Memories Such as Those Used in Resource Development and Installation

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen K. Hornsveld ◽  
Jan. H. Houtveen ◽  
Max Vroomen ◽  
Immanuel Kapteijn ◽  
Dorienke Aalbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Bilateral Stimulation ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
Positive Memories

Resource development and installation (RDI) is an eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)-related procedure developed to strengthen positive associations in positive and resourceful memories (Korn & Leeds, 2002). This study tested the assumption that bilateral stimulation (horizontal eye movements [EM]) in RDI “appears to lead to spontaneous, rapid increases in affective intensity . . . and to rich, emotionally vivid associations” (Korn & Leeds, p. 1469). This study also tested whether eye movement effects could be better accounted for by working memory or by interhemispheric interaction theory. Fifty-three undergraduate students each recalled three memories of pride, perseverance, and self-confidence. They provided pretest and posttest ratings of each memory for vividness, pleasantness, and experienced strength of the positive quality, before and after performing three simultaneous tasks during recall: horizontal EM, vertical EM, and recall only. Results were fully in line with working memory predictions, with significant decreases for all variables following both eye movement tasks. There was no support for the interhemispheric hypothesis. It is concluded that the effectiveness of bilateral stimulation in RDI is questionable. Clinical implications are discussed.

The Effects of Bilateral Eye Movements on EEG Coherence When Recalling a Pleasant Memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Keller ◽  
Larry Stevens ◽  
Colleen Lui ◽  
James Murray ◽  
Matthew Yaggie
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Functional Significance ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Eeg Coherence ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Interhemispheric Coherence ◽  
Coherence Effects ◽  
The Right

In an investigation of the interhemispheric coherence (IhC) model for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) bilateral eye movement (BEM) effects, 30 participants were exposed to a stationary dot, a blinking red/green dot, or saccadic BEMs during the contemplation of a positive emotional memory. Electroencephalographies (EEGs) were measured afterward during an eyes-closed processing stage. Analyses revealed no significant IhC enhancement for the BEM condition but significant increases in Delta and Low Beta EEG intrahemispheric BEM coherence in the right and left frontal areas, respectively, and a trend increase in Right Frontal Low Beta BEM coherence. LORETA neuroimaging was employed to visually present significant amplitude changes corresponding to observed coherence effects. The functional significance of these intrahemispheric coherence effects is presented and a cortical coherence extension of the IhC model is suggested.

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner ◽  
Gretchen Kambe ◽  
Susan A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Editorial: Human motion perception, eye movements, and orientation in visual space

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Groner ◽  
Marina T. Groner ◽  
Kazuo Koga
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Human Motion

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

Age Differences in Eye Movements During Reading: Degenerative Problems or Compensatory Strategy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-311
Author(s):  
José David Moreno ◽  
José A. León ◽  
Lorena A. M. Arnal ◽  
Juan Botella
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading

Abstract. We report the results of a meta-analysis of 22 experiments comparing the eye movement data obtained from young ( Mage = 21 years) and old ( Mage = 73 years) readers. The data included six eye movement measures (mean gaze duration, mean fixation duration, total sentence reading time, mean number of fixations, mean number of regressions, and mean length of progressive saccade eye movements). Estimates were obtained of the typified mean difference, d, between the age groups in all six measures. The results showed positive combined effect size estimates in favor of the young adult group (between 0.54 and 3.66 in all measures), although the difference for the mean number of fixations was not significant. Young adults make in a systematic way, shorter gazes, fewer regressions, and shorter saccadic movements during reading than older adults, and they also read faster. The meta-analysis results confirm statistically the most common patterns observed in previous research; therefore, eye movements seem to be a useful tool to measure behavioral changes due to the aging process. Moreover, these results do not allow us to discard either of the two main hypotheses assessed for explaining the observed aging effects, namely neural degenerative problems and the adoption of compensatory strategies.

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