Mediating Role of Processing Speed on Age-Related Declines in Executive Functioning

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jada Stewart ◽  
David Scarisbrick ◽  
Charles J. Golden
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Age Related

Cognition in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Consequences May Be Relative to Working Memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 938-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay I. Berrigan ◽  
Jo-Anne LeFevre ◽  
Laura M. Rees ◽  
Jason Berard ◽  
Mark S. Freedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Disease Stages

AbstractThe Relative Consequence Model proposes multiple sclerosis (MS) patients have a fundamental deficit in processing speed that compromises other cognitive functions. The present study examined the mediating role of processing speed, as well as working memory, in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions for early relapsing-remitting patients. Seventy relapsing-remitting MS patients with disease duration not greater than 10 years and 72 controls completed tasks assessing processing speed, working memory, learning, and executive functioning. The possible mediating roles of speed and working memory in the MS-related effects on other cognitive functions were evaluated using structural equation modeling. Processing speed was not significantly related to group membership and could not have a mediating role. Working memory was related to group membership and functioned as a mediating/intervening factor. The results do not support the Relative Consequence Model in this sample and they challenge the notion that working memory impairment only emerges at later disease stages. The results do support a mediating/intervening role of working memory. These results were obtained for early relapsing-remitting MS patients and should not be generalized to the broader MS population. Instead, future research should examine the relations that exist at other disease stages. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12)

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Letter Fluency Impairment and Executive Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 986-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Pettit ◽  
Martina McCarthy ◽  
Richard Davenport ◽  
Sharon Abrahams
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Motor Speed

AbstractLetter fluency deficits are commonly detected in non-demented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients but the underlying cause remains uncertain. We investigated the role of slowed processing speed and executive dysfunction. Eighteen non-demented PD participants and nineteen controls were compared on letter fluency using a fluency index (Fi); the average time to “think” of each word, a measure independent of motor speed. Video analyses produced thinking times to switch between word clusters and generate a word within a cluster. Correlational and regression analyses were undertaken with tests of processing speed and executive functioning. The PD group exhibited significantly longer fluency indices than controls across all components. Performance on tests of executive functioning explained a significant proportion of variance whereas performance in processing speed tests did not. Moreover, PD participants with an executive functioning impairment showed significantly worse switching fluency indices only compared with Controls and PD participants without executive dysfunction. PD participants with executive dysfunction exhibited a disproportionate impairment in the time taken to switch between clusters than to think of words within clusters. Executive functioning contributed to fluency performance more than processing speed. Cognitive heterogeneity and motor slowing, may mask the profile of cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)

scholarly journals Age-related decline in cognitive control: the role of fluid intelligence and processing speed

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Manard ◽  
Delphine Carabin ◽  
Mathieu Jaspar ◽  
Fabienne Collette
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Vision in the Relationship between Proprioception and Postural Control in Older Adults, as Compared to Teenagers and Younger and Middle-Aged Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Nieto-Guisado ◽  
Monica Solana-Tramunt ◽  
Adrià Marco-Ahulló ◽  
Marta Sevilla-Sánchez ◽  
Cristina Cabrejas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to analyze the mediating role of vision in the relationship between conscious lower limb proprioception (dominant knee) and bipedal postural control (with eyes open and closed) in older adults, as compared with teenagers, younger adults and middle-aged adults. Methods: The sample consisted of 119 healthy, physically active participants. Postural control was assessed using the bipedal Romberg test with participants’ eyes open and closed on a force platform. Proprioception was measured through the ability to reposition the knee at 45°, measured with the Goniometer Pro application’s goniometer. Results: The results showed an indirect relationship between proprioception and postural control with closed eyes in all age groups; however, vision did not mediate this relationship. Conclusions: Older adults outperformed only teenagers on the balance test. The group of older adults was the only one that did not display differences with regard to certain variables when the test was done with open or closed eyes. It seems that age does not influence performance on proprioception tests. These findings help us to optimize the design of training programs for older adults and suggest that physical exercise is a protective factor against age-related decline.

Performance-based everyday functional competence measures across the adult lifespan: the role of cognitive abilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2059-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Borella ◽  
Alessandra Cantarella ◽  
Emilie Joly ◽  
Paolo Ghisletta ◽  
Elena Carbone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effect Of Age

ABSTRACTBackground:The effects of age on the ability to manage everyday functioning, crucial to ensure a healthy aging process, have been rarely examined and when, self-report measures have been used. The aim of the present study was to examine age effects across the adult lifespan in everyday functioning with two performance-based measures: the Everyday Problems Test (EPT), and the Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TIADL) tasks. The role of some crucial cognitive abilities, i.e. working memory (WM), processing speed, reasoning, vocabulary, and text comprehension in the EPT and the TIADL were also assessed to see whether or not they have a similar influence (and to what extent) in accounting for age-related effects in these two performance-based measures.Method:Two hundred and seventy-six healthy participants, from 40 to 89 years of age were presented with the EPT, the TIADL, as well as WM, processing speed, reasoning, text comprehension, and vocabulary tasks.Results:Path models indicated an indirect effect of age and education on the EPT, which was mediated by all the cognitive variables considered, with WM and reasoning being the strongest predictors of performance. An indirect quadratic effect of age, but not of education, was found on the TIADL score, and an accelerated decline in processing speed mediated the relationship between age and the TIADL score.ConclusionThis study revealed age-related effects in performance-based measures, which are mediated by different cognitive abilities depending on the measure considered. The findings highlight the importance of assessing everyday functioning even in healthy older adults.

Processing speed, exposure to print, and naming speed

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT KAIL ◽  
LYNDA K. HALL ◽  
BRADLEY J. CASKEY
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Naming Speed ◽  
Global Processing ◽  
Naming Time ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Familiar Stimuli

The aim of the present research was to determine the role of reading-related experience and processing speed on the time it took for children to name familiar stimuli. A total of 168 children, aged 7 to 13, were administered measures of global processing speed, title and author recognition, naming time, and reading ability. Naming times were predicted by age-related change in processing time but not by reading experience (as assessed by author and title recognition). The results are discussed in terms of the factors responsible for the relation between naming speed and reading.

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