Myopic decision making and impaired inhibitory control in heroin addicts

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiuqing Cheng ◽  
Claudia Gonzalez-Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Heroin Addicts

Inhibitory Control of Information in Memory Across Domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Bajo ◽  
Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Alejandra Marful
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Behavioral Signature

Knowledge in memory is vast and not always relevant to the task at hand. Recent views suggest that the human cognitive system has evolved so that it includes goal-driven control mechanisms to regulate the level of activation of specific pieces of knowledge and make distracting or unwanted information in memory less accessible. This operation is primarily directed to facilitate the use of task-relevant knowledge. However, these control processes may also have side effects on performance in a variety of situations when the task at hand partly relies on access to suppressed information. In this article, we show that various types of information to be used in a variety of different contexts (problem solving, decision making based on personal information, language production) may be the target of inhibitory control. We also show that the control process may leave a behavioral signature if suppressed information turns out to be relevant shortly after being suppressed.

Decision-making and inhibitory control after smoking-related priming in nicotine dependent smokers and never-smokers

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Kräplin ◽  
Stefan Scherbaum ◽  
Gerhard Bühringer ◽  
Thomas Goschke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Never Smokers

Outcome Anticipation and Appraisal During Risk Decision Making in Heroin Addicts

2016 ◽  
pp. 534-543
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Jitao Qin ◽  
Hanshu Cai ◽  
Quanli Han ◽  
Entan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Risk Decision

The Context of Caution: An Examination of Age, Social Context, and Sex on Measures of Inhibitory Control and Risky Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel A. Cowell ◽  
Elizabeth R. Paitel ◽  
Sierra Peters
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Comparable Accuracy

Understanding how older adults successfully navigate complex choices like driving requires the consideration of processing speed, inhibitory control, attentional processes, and risk management, and the context within which these decisions occur. The current study employed the Flanker task, the Stoplight task, and a personality inventory with 43 younger adults and 49 older adults either while they were alone or being observed by two same-sex, similarly aged peers. On the Flanker task, older adults performed more slowly, but with comparable accuracy. On the Stoplight task, there was a significant main effect of Context, and an Age-Group by Sex interaction, even after controlling for response time: All groups had a greater number of crashes when alone, and young adult males had significantly more crashes than any other group. These results emphasize the importance of considering the broader context of decision-making.

Investigating executive functions in youth with OCD and hoarding symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-357
Author(s):  
Melissa Elgie ◽  
Duncan H. Cameron ◽  
Karen Rowa ◽  
Geoffrey B. Hall ◽  
Randi E. McCabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Executive functions (EF) deficits are hypothesized to be a core contributor to hoarding symptoms. EF have been studied in adult hoarding populations, but studies in youth are lacking. The current study compared multiple EF subdomains between youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and youth with OCD and hoarding symptoms. Forty youth (8–18 years old) with a primary diagnosis of OCD were recruited. Participants were divided by hoarding severity on the Child Saving Inventory (CSI) into either the “hoarding group” (upper 33.3%) or the “low-hoarding group” (lower 66.7%). Groups were compared on EF tasks of cognitive flexibility, decision-making, and inhibitory control. Youth in the hoarding group exhibited significantly higher cognitive flexibility and lowered perseveration than the low-hoarding group. Hoarding and low-hoarding groups did not differ in any other EF subdomain. Hoarding symptoms in youth with OCD were not associated with deficits in EF subdomains; instead, youth who hoard exhibited higher cognitive flexibility compared to youth with low hoarding symptoms.

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