On 'turning the other cheek': Initial opponent restraint reduces the relationship between individual differences in sensitivity to provocation and provocation induced aggressive behavior

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

Individual Differences between Interviewers and their Effect on Interviewees' Conversational Behaviour

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (413) ◽  
pp. 660-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frieda Goldman-Eisler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reliable Methods

Flexibility in adjustment on the part of the interviewer is commonly regarded as one of the main qualifications for good interviewing and part of an interviewer's skill. The high estimation of the spontaneity of the interviewing situation, which has been one of the main reasons why the interview as a technique has retained its popularity against more standardized and reliable methods, rests largely on the presupposition that skilled interviewers can adjust their own behaviour and steer the interviewing situation freely so as to obtain optimum rapport and maximum information. Thus Oldfield (5) considers changes of topic, attitute and tempo of great significance for the conduct of the interview. He particularly stresses the importance of changes of tempo; pauses in the conversation, he says, if “badly chosen may easily break the trend of the relationship which is being built up. On the other hand, if well chosen, they may contribute markedly to the success of the interview.” No evidence, however, exists to show to what extent skilled interviewers actually are free to adjust themselves to any particular interviewing task or which aspects of their interviewing behaviour are more subject to adjustment than others.

scholarly journals Strategi Koping Pada Remaja dengan Kecenderungan Berperilaku Agresif

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Novia Sinta Rochwidowati ◽  
Nadya Anjani Rismarini
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
The Other ◽  
Developmental Task ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
The Relationship

Agression among teenagers, including bullying, school gangsters, and even students criminality, has been an issue for years. On the other hand, teenagers are expected to adapt well in society, to make healthy social relations, in order to become healthy and responsible adults. These developmental task takes a capability to adapt and overcome problems in everyday life, which is defined as coping strategy. This study aims to investigate the relationship between coping strategy and agrressive behavior in teenagers using Coping Strategy Scale for Teenagers and Aggressive Behavior Scale. The subjects were 416 students of middle and high schools in Bantul, Yogyakarta. Data were analyzed using Product Moment correlation test. The result showed that there was a negative correlation between coping strategy and aggressive behavior in teenagers (r= -0,287; p<0,01). Teenagers who had better ability to cope with stressful events demonstrated less aggressive behavior.

scholarly journals Body Schema Illusions: A Study of the Link between the Rubber Hand and Kinesthetic Mirror Illusions through Individual Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Metral ◽  
Corentin Gonthier ◽  
Marion Luyat ◽  
Michel Guerraz
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rubber Hand ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Multisensory Illusions ◽  
Healthy Participants

Background. The well-known rubber hand paradigm induces an illusion by having participants feel the touch applied to a fake hand. In parallel, the kinesthetic mirror illusion elicits illusions of movement by moving the reflection of a participant’s arm. Experimental manipulation of sensory inputs leads to emergence of these multisensory illusions. There are strong conceptual similarities between these two illusions, suggesting that they rely on the same neurophysiological mechanisms, but this relationship has never been investigated. Studies indicate that participants differ in their sensitivity to these illusions, which provides a possibility for studying the relationship between these two illusions. Method. We tested 36 healthy participants to confirm that there exist reliable individual differences in sensitivity to the two illusions and that participants sensitive to one illusion are also sensitive to the other. Results. The results revealed that illusion sensitivity was very stable across trials and that individual differences in sensitivity to the kinesthetic mirror illusion were highly related to individual differences in sensitivity to the rubber hand illusion. Conclusions. Overall, these results support the idea that these two illusions may be both linked to a transitory modification of body schema, wherein the most sensitive people have the most malleable body schema.

scholarly journals Strategi Mempertahankan Hubungan Pertemanan Lawan Jenis pada Dewasa Muda

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safira Tiara Dewi ◽  
Wenty Marina Minza
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Challenges And Strategies

Cross-sex friendship is often regarded as a romantic relationship. The lack ofsocial norms that managed these relationships in society makes the individuals dealingwith the challenge of maintaining relationships. Young adults become one of thecategories that face this challenge because at this time the relationship between men andwomen is more prominent than the other phases. Based on his romantic intentions, cross-sex friendship is divided into four types, strictly platonic, mutual romance, rejectsromance, and desires romance. This research was conducted to find out the challengesfaced in cross-sex friendship and strategy to maintain the relationship. This research usesqualitative method with phenomenology approach. Methods of data collection used inthis study are semi-structured interviews and observation. The study's informantsconsisted of four people or two pairs of young adults who are in cross-sex friendship.Research shows that individual differences in seeing the friendship of the opposite sexcause different challenges and strategies to maintain cross-sex friendships.

Who Feels Sympathy for Roosters Used in Cockfighting? Examining the Influence of Feelings, Belief in Animal Mind, Personality, and Empathy-Related Traits

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-341
Author(s):  
Sherman A. Lee ◽  
Linsey Quarles
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Animal Suffering ◽  
Animal Mind ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dog Fighting ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Since the 2007 Vick dog-fighting case, much attention has been focused on cruelty against dogs. Cockfighting roosters, on the other hand, have been virtually ignored by scientists and laypeople alike. Accordingly, very little is known about our emotional reactions to roosters used for cockfighting. The present study attempts to fill this void in the scientific literature by examining the relationship between individual differences variables and sympathetic reactions to roosters used for cockfighting depicted in a video newscast. The results were robust, with individual differences variables explaining 51% of the variability in sympathetic reactions to cockfighting roosters. Specifically, feelings toward roosters, extraversion, conscientiousness, and trait sympathy for animal suffering emerged as significant predictors, while belief in animal mind did not. The implications and limitations of these results are discussed.

Effects of Developing Alternative Responses on the Aggressive Behavior of Adolescents

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis R. Knapczyk
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Small Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosocial Behaviors ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Behavioral Rehearsal ◽  
Alternative Responses ◽  
The Relationship

Two studies investigated the relationship between antecedent events and aggressive behavior of adolescents in school and home settings. Antecedent events were examined to identify conditions contributing to aggressive acts and to indicate alternative responses to the acts. Videotaped samples of social situations were shown to the subjects and used to provide opportunities for modeling and behavioral rehearsal of alternative responses. In one study, treatment was conducted in individual sessions, and in the other, treatment was conducted in a small group arrangement. Results indicate that when the adolescents substituted alternative responses for aggressive acts, decreases occurred in the frequency of aggressive behavior and antecedent events associated with the behavior. Concomitant increases in antecedent events conducive to prosocial behaviors were also noted.

Individual Differences in Adult Crying: the Role of Attachment Styles

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja J. Laan ◽  
Marcel A. L. M. van Assen ◽  
Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment ◽  
The Relationship

We carried out 2 studies to evaluate the relationship between attachment style and crying in adults. Data were collected from 2 independent large samples, measuring as 2 different operationalizations crying in general and in response to music. The results in both studies showed a consistent pattern. As anticipated, the group with a dismissive attachment style cried less than the other groups, and the preoccupied attachment style group cried more intensely than the secure group. The preoccupied and fearful attachment style groups reported the most negative emotions while crying, whereas the secure group reported more crying over positive emotions. These results show that attachment style is a determinant of adult crying behavior.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Internal Encoding Style and Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms in a Subclinical Sample

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaâ Belayachi ◽  
Martial Van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Mode ◽  
Dysfunctional Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCs) and encoding style in a subclinical sample, by using a questionnaire that evaluates the extent to which preexisting schemata (versus cues from the outside world) affect encoding processes (Lewicki, 2005). Research on encoding style has revealed on one hand the existence of individual differences in the tendency to impose interpretive schemata in the process of encoding, and on the other hand the fact that an extremely internal mode of encoding has been found to be related to an increased propensity to self-perpetuate preexisting schemata. Furthermore, internal encoding may contribute to the development of psychopathological symptoms, through the self-perpetuation of dysfunctional schemata. The results confirmed that OCs are connected with an internal encoding style; specific relationships between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) dimensions and internal encoding style were also found. These results are discussed in terms of the role of encoding style in the perpetuation of OCs, and its relationship to the dysfunctional beliefs characterising OCD.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

The Relationship Between Suicidal Thinking and Dating Violence in a Sample of Adolescent Abortion Patients

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen E. Ely ◽  
William R. Nugent ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Mholi Vimbba
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Adolescent Dating Violence ◽  
Adolescent Relationships ◽  
Suicidal Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between suicidal thinking and adolescent dating violence has not been previously explored in a sample of adolescent abortion patients. Aims: This paper highlights a study where the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking was examined in a sample of 120 young women ages 14–21 seeking to terminate an unintended pregnancy. Methods: The Multidimensional Adolescent Assessment Scale and the Conflict in Adolescent Relationships Scale was used to gather information about psychosocial problems and dating violence so that the relationship between the two problems could be examined, while controlling for the other psychosocial problems. Results: The results suggest that dating violence was related to severity of suicidal thinking, and that the magnitude of this relationship was moderated by the severity of problems with aggression. Conclusions: Specifically, as the severity of participant’s general problems with aggression increased, the magnitude of the relationship between dating violence and severity of suicidal thinking increased. Limitations of the study and implications for practice are discussed.

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