Executive control, primary memory capacity, and relational integration: Which accounts for g?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Necka ◽  
Adam Chuderski ◽  
Maciej Taraday ◽  
Tomasz Smolen
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Primary Memory ◽  
Relational Integration

Learning written word vocabulary in a second language: Theoretical and practical implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENDAN STUART WEEKES
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Written Word ◽  
One Year ◽  
Serial Order Memory

Short-term memory (STM) is required for second language learning. However, it is not clear what components of STM are necessary for the acquisition and lexicalisation of new written words. Studies suggest that memory for serial order is a critical cognitive process in spoken word acquisition although correlated mechanisms such as executive control also play a role. In this study, bilingual Cantonese–English speakers who are learning written expert words in a non-native language were tested over a one year period in their first year of instruction. Written word lexicalisation was measured using lexical decision and spelling to dictation tasks. Results showed measures of executive control (Stroop performance) and serial order memory capacity predict recognition and recall of written expert words at different stages. Whereas serial order memory predicts improvements to lexical decision accuracy, executive control predicts spelling to dictation performance after one year. The conclusion is that STM processes do constrain written word lexicalisation in a second language. However, executive control and serial order memory capacity have differential effects during word lexicalisation.

scholarly journals For Whom the Mind Wanders, and When, Varies Across Laboratory and Daily-Life Settings

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kane ◽  
Georgina M. Gross ◽  
Charlotte A. Chun ◽  
Bridget A. Smeekens ◽  
Matt E. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
The Mind

Undergraduates ( N = 274) participated in a weeklong daily-life experience-sampling study of mind wandering after being assessed in the lab for executive-control abilities (working memory capacity; attention-restraint ability; attention-constraint ability; and propensity for task-unrelated thoughts, or TUTs) and personality traits. Eight times a day, electronic devices prompted subjects to report on their current thoughts and context. Working memory capacity and attention abilities predicted subjects’ TUT rates in the lab, but predicted the frequency of daily-life mind wandering only as a function of subjects’ momentary attempts to concentrate. This pattern replicates prior daily-life findings but conflicts with laboratory findings. Results for personality factors also revealed different associations in the lab and daily life: Only neuroticism predicted TUT rate in the lab, but only openness predicted mind-wandering rate in daily life (both predicted the content of daily-life mind wandering). Cognitive and personality factors also predicted dimensions of everyday thought other than mind wandering, such as subjective judgments of controllability of thought. Mind wandering in people’s daily environments and TUTs during controlled and artificial laboratory tasks have different correlates (and perhaps causes). Thus, mind-wandering theories based solely on lab phenomena may be incomplete.

scholarly journals The developmental influence of primary memory capacity on working memory and academic achievement.

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbora Hall ◽  
Christopher Jarrold ◽  
John N. Towse ◽  
Amy L. Zarandi
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Primary Memory

scholarly journals The impairing effect of acute stress on the intentional forgetting of future fears and its moderation by working memory capacity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ashton ◽  
Roland Georg Benoit ◽  
Conny W.E.M. Quaedflieg
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Executive Control Network ◽  
Intentional Forgetting ◽  
Induced Forgetting

Unwanted imaginations of future fears can, to some extent, be avoided. This is achieved by control mechanisms similar to those engaged to intentionally forget unwanted memories. Intentional forgetting relies on the executive control network, whose functioning is impaired after exposure to acute stress. This study investigates whether acute stress affects the ability to intentionally control future fears and, furthermore, whether individual differences in executive control predict a susceptibility to these effects. The study ran over two consecutive days. On day 1, the working memory capacity of one hundred participants was assessed. Thereafter, participants provided descriptions and details of fearful episodes that they imagined might happen in their future. On day 2, participants were exposed to either the stress or no-stress version of the Maastricht Acute Stress Test, after which participants performed the Imagine/No-Imagine task. Here, participants repeatedly imagined some future fears and suppressed imaginings of others. Results demonstrated that, in unstressed participants, suppression successfully induced forgetting of the episodes’ details compared to a baseline condition. However, the observed reduction in anxiety toward these events remained unchanged. Acute stress was found to selectively impair intentional forgetting and, further, this effect was moderated by working memory capacity. Specifically, low working memory predicted a susceptibility to these detrimental effects. These findings provide novel insights into conditions under which our capacity to actively control future fears is reduced, which may have considerable implications for understanding stress-related psychopathologies and symptomatologies characterized by unwanted apprehensive thoughts.

scholarly journals Is executive control related to working memory capacity and fluid intelligence?

2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (8) ◽  
pp. 1335-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alodie Rey-Mermet ◽  
Miriam Gade ◽  
Alessandra S. Souza ◽  
Claudia C. von Bastian ◽  
Klaus Oberauer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity
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