Deterministic and Stochastic Models for Memory Load in Information Processing

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Scandura ◽  
Donald Voorhies
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Memory Load

Skill Acquisition, Individual Differences, and Human Abilities

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip L. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Attentional Resource ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Controlled Processing ◽  
Consistent Information ◽  
Processing Framework

The nature of individual differences in novel and practiced performance on skill acquisition tasks is considered from an information processing framework that incorporates concepts derived from automatic/controlled processing and attentional resource perspectives. A set of skill acquisition experiments graphically demonstrate changes in individual differences parameters via manipulating task characteristics of 1) information processing consistency, 2) memory load, 3) stimulus novelty. A further experiment illustrates the effects of novel, but consistent information processing demands on abilities, within a transfer-of-training paradigm. Results are discussed in the context of ability/skill relations.

Memory-Load Interference in Syntactic Processing

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Gordon ◽  
Randall Hendrick ◽  
William H. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Syntactic Processing ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Memory Resources

Participants remembered a short set of words while reading syntactically complex sentences (object-extracted clefts) and syntactically simpler sentences (subject-extracted clefts) in a memory-load study. The study also manipulated whether the words in the set and the words in the sentence were of matched or unmatched types (common nouns vs. proper names). Performance in sentence comprehension was worse for complex sentences than for simpler sentences, and this effect was greater when the type of words in the memory load matched the type of words in the sentence. These results indicate that syntactic processing is not modular, instead suggesting that it relies on working memory resources that are used for other nonsyntactic processes. Further, the results indicate that similarity-based interference is an important constraint on information processing that can be overcome to some degree during language comprehension by using the coherence of language to construct integrated representations of meaning.

Language processing is not a race against time

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Baggio ◽  
Carmelo M. Vicario
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Language System ◽  
Moderating Factors

AbstractWe agree with Christiansen & Chater (C&C) that language processing and acquisition are tightly constrained by the limits of sensory and memory systems. However, the human brain supports a range of cognitive functions that mitigate the effects of information processing bottlenecks. The language system is partly organised around these moderating factors, not just around restrictions on storage and computation.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

Hostility and Perceptions of Support in Ambiguous Social Interactions

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Vranceanu ◽  
Linda C. Gallo ◽  
Laura M. Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Processing Bias ◽  
Information Processing Bias

The present study investigated whether a social information processing bias contributes to the inverse association between trait hostility and perceived social support. A sample of 104 undergraduates (50 men) completed a measure of hostility and rated videotaped interactions in which a speaker disclosed a problem while a listener reacted ambiguously. Results showed that hostile persons rated listeners as less friendly and socially supportive across six conversations, although the nature of the hostility effect varied by sex, target rated, and manner in which support was assessed. Hostility and target interactively impacted ratings of support and affiliation only for men. At least in part, a social information processing bias could contribute to hostile persons' perceptions of their social networks.

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