Confirmation Bias in a Simulated Research Environment

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford R. Mynatt ◽  
Michael E. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Research Environment

Confirmation Bias in a Simulated Research Environment: An Experimental Study of Scientific Inference

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford R. Mynatt ◽  
Michael E. Doherty ◽  
Ryan D. Tweney
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Scientific Inference ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Computer Controlled

Numerous authors (e.g., Popper, 1959) argue that scientists should try to falsify rather than confirm theories. However, recent empirical work (Wason and Johnson-Laird, 1972) suggests the existence of a confirmation bias, at least on abstract problems. Using a more realistic, computer controlled environment modeled after a real research setting, subjects in this study first formulated hypotheses about the laws governing events occurring in the environment. They then chose between pairs of environments in which they could: (I) make observations which would probably confirm these hypotheses, or (2) test alternative hypotheses. Strong evidence for a confirmation bias involving failure to choose environments allowing tests of alternative hypotheses was found. However, when subjects did obtain explicit falsifying information, they used this information to reject incorrect hypotheses.

745: Confirmation Bias in Prostate Cancer Grading

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Fandel ◽  
Maria Pfnuer ◽  
Claudia Corinth ◽  
Michael Ansorge ◽  
Sebastian W. Melchior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Cancer Grading

Confirmation bias in decision making for fingerprints, DNA and eyewitness evidence cannot be explained by cognitive style or thinking dispositions.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Edgcumbe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Thinking Dispositions ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Facial Composite

Pre-existing beliefs about the background or guilt of a suspect can bias the subsequent evaluation of evidence for forensic examiners and lay people alike. This biasing effect, called the confirmation bias, has influenced legal proceedings in prominent court cases such as that of Brandon Mayfield. Today many forensic providers attempt to train their examiners against these cognitive biases. Nine hundred and forty-two participants read a fictional criminal case and received either neutral, incriminating or exonerating evidence (fingerprint, eyewitness, or DNA) before providing an initial rating of guilt. Participants then viewed ambiguous evidence (alibi, facial composite, handwriting sample or informant statement) before providing a final rating of guilt. Final guilt ratings were higher for all evidence conditions (neutral, incriminating or exonerating) following exposure to the ambiguous evidence. This provides evidence that the confirmation bias influences the evaluation of evidence.

Asynchronous Chess: A Real-Time, Adversarial Research Environment

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lawton ◽  
Nathaniel Gemelli ◽  
Robert Wright ◽  
Andrew Boes
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Research Environment

Internationalization and Diversification of Academic Careers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorana Toma ◽  
Maria Villares-Varela
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
International Study ◽  
Career Progression ◽  
Academic Careers ◽  
Research Environment ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
Research Facilities ◽  
Depth Interviews

This chapter examines the major patterns and drivers of interlinked geographical and career mobilities of Indian-born researchers and scientists. Based on a global survey and in-depth interviews, this study shows that the mobility of Indian researchers is mainly driven by an intrinsic motivation to internationalize their scientific careers, but has also to do with the characteristics of the research environment in India. Moving abroad enables researchers to acquire expertise in a field of research that is not sufficiently developed back home, and provides exposure to research facilities and personnel deemed better and more qualified than those back home. In this respect, international study and work experience are often perceived as providing professional merits that are instrumental in career progression on return to India.

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