Role of the auditory cortex in reflex orientation behavior to auditory stimuli

1961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Thompson ◽  
W. I. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Orientation Behavior

scholarly journals Representation of speech categories in the primate auditory cortex

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 2634-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joji Tsunada ◽  
Jung Hoon Lee ◽  
Yale E. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ventral Pathway

A “ventral” auditory pathway in nonhuman primates that originates in the core auditory cortex and ends in the prefrontal cortex is thought to be involved in components of nonspatial auditory processing. Previous work from our laboratory has indicated that neurons in the prefrontal cortex reflect monkeys' decisions during categorical judgments. Here, we tested the role of the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a region of the secondary auditory cortex that is part of this ventral pathway, during similar categorical judgments. While monkeys participated in a match-to-category task and reported whether two consecutive auditory stimuli belonged to the same category or to different categories, we recorded spiking activity from STG neurons. The auditory stimuli were morphs of two human-speech sounds ( bad and dad). We found that STG neurons represented auditory categories. However, unlike activity in the prefrontal cortex, STG activity was not modulated by the monkeys' behavioral reports (choices). This finding is consistent with the anterolateral STG's role as a part of functional circuit involved in the coding, representation, and perception of the nonspatial features of an auditory stimulus.

scholarly journals Role of Mammalian Auditory Cortex in the Perception of Elementary Sound Properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2350-2358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjiv K. Talwar ◽  
Pawel G. Musial ◽  
George L. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Auditory Task ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Studies in several mammalian species have demonstrated that bilateral ablations of the auditory cortex have little effect on simple sound intensity and frequency-based behaviors. In the rat, for example, early experiments have shown that auditory ablations result in virtually no effect on the rat's ability to either detect tones or discriminate frequencies. Such lesion experiments, however, typically examine an animal's performance some time after recovery from ablation surgery. As such, they demonstrate that the cortex is not essential for simple auditory behaviors in the long run. Our study further explores the role of cortex in basic auditory perception by examining whether the cortex is normally involved in these behaviors. In these experiments we reversibly inactivated the rat primary auditory cortex (AI) using the GABA agonist muscimol, while the animals performed a simple auditory task. At the same time we monitored the rat's auditory activity by recording auditory evoked potentials (AEP) from the cortical surface. In contrast to lesion studies, the rapid time course of these experimental conditions preclude reorganization of the auditory system that might otherwise compensate for the loss of cortical processing. Soon after bilateral muscimol application to their AI region, our rats exhibited an acute and profound inability to detect tones. After a few hours this state was followed by a gradual recovery of normal hearing, first of tone detection and, much later, of the ability to discriminate frequencies. Surface muscimol application, at the same time, drastically altered the normal rat AEP. Some of the normal AEP components vanished nearly instantaneously to unveil an underlying waveform, whose size was related to the severity of accompanying behavioral deficits. These results strongly suggest that the cortex is directly involved in basic acoustic processing. Along with observations from accompanying multiunit experiments that related the AEP to AI neuronal activity, our results suggest that a critical amount of activity in the auditory cortex is necessary for normal hearing. It is likely that the involvement of the cortex in simple auditory perceptions has hitherto not been clearly understood because of underlying recovery processes that, in the long-term, safeguard fundamental auditory abilities after cortical injury.

The influence of spelling on the production and storage of words with allophonic variants of /h/ in Korean

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEONG-IM HAN ◽  
TAE-HWAN CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
The Third ◽  
Korean Speakers ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Naming Tasks

ABSTRACTThis study examined the role of orthography in the production and storage of spoken words. Korean speakers learned novel Korean words with potential variants of /h/, including [ɦ] and ø. They were provided with the same auditory stimuli but with varying exposure to spelling. One group was presented with the letter for ø (<ㅇ>), the second group, the letter for [ɦ] (<ㅎ>), and the third group, auditory input only. In picture-naming tasks, the participants presented with <ㅇ> produced fewer words with [ɦ] than those presented with <ㅎ>. In a spelling recall task, the participants who were not exposed to spelling displayed various types of spellings for variants, but after exposure to spelling, they began to produce spellings as provided in the task. These results suggest that orthographic information influences the production of words via an offline restructuring of the phonological representation.

scholarly journals Evidence for short-term, but not long-term, transfer effects in the temporal preparation of auditory stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672-2679
Author(s):  
Emily M Crowe ◽  
Christopher Kent
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Function ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Transfer Phase ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Preparation ◽  
Specific Memory

Starting procedures in racing sports consist of a warning (e.g., “Set”) followed by a target (e.g., “Go”) signal. During this interval (the foreperiod), athletes engage in temporal preparation whereby they prepare to respond to the target as quickly as possible. Despite a long history, the cognitive mechanisms underlying this process are debated. Recently, it has been suggested that traces of previous temporal durations drive temporal preparation performance rather than the traditional explanation that performance is related to the currently perceived hazard function. Los and colleagues used visual stimuli for the warning and target signals. As racing sports typically rely upon auditory stimuli, we investigated the role of memory on temporal preparation in the auditory domain. Experiment 1 investigated long-term transfer effects. In an acquisition phase, two groups of participants were exposed to different foreperiod distributions. One week later, during a transfer phase, both groups received the same distribution of foreperiods. There was no evidence for transfer effects. Therefore, Experiment 2 examined short-term transfer effects in which acquisition and transfer phases were completed in the same testing session. There was some evidence for transfer effects, but this was limited, suggesting that there may be modality-specific memory differences.

Auditory cortex reflects goal-directed movement but is not necessary for behavioral adaptation in sound-cued reward tracking

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056-1071
Author(s):  
Vanya V. Stoilova ◽  
Beate Knauer ◽  
Stephanie Berg ◽  
Evelyn Rieber ◽  
Frank Jäkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Tracking Task ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Reward Anticipation

Recent evidence suggests that sensory cortex represents nonsensory variables such as reward expectation, but the relevance of these representations for behavior are not well understood. We show that rat auditory cortex (AC) is modulated during movement and reward anticipation in a sound-cued reward tracking task, whereas AC inactivation only impaired discrimination without affecting reward tracking, consistent with a predominantly sensory role of AC.

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