The role of viewing perspective in the orientation specificity of cognitive maps

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Nolan ◽  
Jeanne Sholl
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Viewing Perspective ◽  
Orientation Specificity

Diffusive Feedback Influences on Hierarchical Information Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Miyamoto ◽  
Jun Hasegawa ◽  
Meihong Zheng ◽  
Osamu Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Cells Of Origin ◽  
Orientation Specificity ◽  
Membrane Oscillations ◽  
Reaction Speed

In visual information processing, feedforward projection from primary to secondary visual cortex (V1-to-V2) is essential for integrating combinations of oriented bars in order to extract angular information embedded within contours that represent the shape of objects. For feedback (V2-to-V1) projection, two distinct types of pathways have been observed: clustered projection and diffused projection. The former innervates V1 domains with a preferred orientation similar to that of V2 cells of origin. In contrast, the latter innervates without such orientation specificity. V2 cells send their axons to V1 domains with both similar and dissimilar orientation preferences. It is speculated that the clustered feedback projection has a role in contour integration. The role of the diffused feedback projection, however, remains to be seen. We simulated a minimal, functional V1-V2 neural network model. The diffused feedback projection contributed to achieving ongoing-spontaneous subthreshold membrane oscillations in V1 cells, thereby reducing the reaction time of V1 cells to a pair of bars that represents specific angular information. Interestingly, the feedback influence took place even before V2 responses, which might stem largely from ongoing-spontaneous signaling from V2. We suggest that the diffusive feedback influence from V2 could act early in V1 responses and accelerate their reaction speed to sensory stimulation in order to rapidly extract angular information.

The Role of Happiness in the Family Using Combined Disjoint Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (CDBFCMS)

2014 ◽  
Vol 003 (002) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
A. Anthuvan Rozario ◽  
◽  
A. Victor Devadoss ◽  
M. Clement Joe Anand ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps ◽  
The Family ◽  
Disjoint Block

Evaluating the legibility of urban parks based on neuroscience and the FVFL model

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Gholami ◽  
Seyed Hassan Taghvaei ◽  
Saeid Norouzian-Maleki ◽  
Rouhollah Mansouri Sepehr
Keyword(s):  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Average Correlation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to quantitatively evaluate the role of landscape values and factors in urban parks experimentally based on neuroscience.Design/methodology/approachIn the first step, ten major parks were selected out of 59 regional and trans-regional parks in Tehran for field study analysis. Next, considering the diversity and abundance of landscape elements in the selected parks, Mellat Park was chosen for the case study.FindingsThe fixation duration of the factors has an average correlation coefficient of 0.5865, −0.5035 and −0.5125 for the overall sketch map, quality and accuracy, respectively. The results indicated that the “quality of people's cognitive maps” has a direct relation to fixation duration on “human-made factors” and an inverse relation to fixation duration on “natural factors” and “human activities and behavioral factors” in the park.Practical implicationsThe results can pave the way for further research in the interdisciplinary fields of landscape architecture and neuroscience.Originality/valueLegibility is a superior quality of urban spaces that profoundly affect how people perceive and behave.

scholarly journals Η συμβολή της αφής, της ακοής και της όσφρησης στη διαμόρφωση και ενημέρωση νοητικών χαρτών από άτομα με πρόβλημα όρασης

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αθανάσιος Κουτσοκλένης
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Mapping ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Environmental Attributes ◽  
Research Stage

The present doctoral dissertation explores the role of touch, hearing and olfaction in the construction of cognitive maps by individuals with visual impairments. The theoretical part of the dissertation includes a review of the fundamental terms used in the field of orientation and mobility and cognitive mapping. It also focuses on key concepts related to sensation, perception and memory. The theoretical part of the dissertation also reviews the existing literature regarding the role of remaining senses in the acquisition of spatial information by individuals with visual impairments.The research has been organized in three stages. The first research stage examines which haptic, auditory and olfactory cues individuals with visual impairments use most often and determines which of these cues these individuals deemed to be the most important for wayfinding in urban environments. It also investigates the ways in which these individuals use the most significant haptic, auditory and olfactory cues. The second research stage sought to examine the role of touch, hearing and olfaction in the cognitive mapping of an unfamiliar environment by individuals with blindness. The third research stage aimed at investigating the type of environmental attributes that individuals with blindness recall from their cognitive maps for familiar environments. To meet the research aims a mixed methodology was used, including a focus-group interview, questionnaires, closed-ended interviews and two spatial tasks.The findings reveal that individuals with visual impairments use several haptic, auditory and olfactory cues in various ways to orient themselves and navigate within urban environments. The findings also show that individuals with visual impairments use a variety of informational stimuli, picked-up through touch, hearing and olfaction to determine the nature and position of environmental attributes in an unfamiliar environment. Finally, the results indicate that the cognitive maps of blind individuals for familiar environments contain information about several environmental attributes that can be perceived through touch, hearing and/or olfaction during novel navigation.

scholarly journals In Vivo Two-Photon Imaging Reveals a Role of Arc in Enhancing Orientation Specificity in Visual Cortex

Cell ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan Hong Wang ◽  
Ania Majewska ◽  
James Schummers ◽  
Brandon Farley ◽  
Chengcheng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Photon Imaging ◽  
Two Photon Imaging ◽  
Orientation Specificity

scholarly journals Orientation-specificity in kinesthetic spatial learning: The role of multiple orientations

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark C. Presson ◽  
Nina DeLange ◽  
Mark D. Hazelrigg
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Orientation Specificity

scholarly journals Foresight: a new approach based on the Z-number cognitive map

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Izadi ◽  
Hamidreza Seiti ◽  
Mostafa Jafarian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Maps ◽  
Fuzzy Cognitive Map ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Ultimate Objective

AbstractForesight has recently emerged as one of the most attractive and practical fields of study, while being used to draw up a preferable future and formulate appropriate strategies for achieving predetermined goals. The present research aimed at providing a framework for foresight with a primary focus on the role of a cognitive approach and its combination with the concept of fuzzy cognitive map in the environments of uncertainty and ambiguity. The proposed framework consisted of the 3 phases: pre-foresight, foresight, and post-foresight. The main stage (foresight) focused on the role of imagination and intuition in drawing the future in the experts’ minds and depicting their perceptions above perceptions in the form of a fuzzy cognitive map influenced by variables related to the subject under study in order to determine a preferable future. The use of a Z-number concept and integrating it with fuzzy cognitive maps in the foresight-oriented decision-making space, which was mainly saturated with uncertainty and ambiguity, was one of the main strengths of the proposed framework in the current investigation. The present paper focused primarily on the evolution of expert’s knowledge with regard to the topic of foresight. The role of Z-number in various processes, from data collection to illustration, analysis, and aggregation of cognitive maps, was considered for gaining knowledge and understanding into the nature of future. Moreover, an ultimate objective was realized through identifying, aggregating, and selecting the variables from each expert’s perspective and then the relationship between each variable was determined in the main stage of foresight. Finally, the proposed framework was presented and explicated in the form of a case study, which revealed satisfactory results.

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