Does the surprise response mechanism play a role in the bizarre-imagery effect?

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia A. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Bizarre Imagery

Responses of Platelets to Strains of Streptococcus sanguis: Findings in Healthy Subjects, Bernard-Soulier, Glanzmann’s, and Collagen-Unresponsive Patients

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 222-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Soberay ◽  
M C Herzberg ◽  
J D Rudney ◽  
H K Nieuwenhuis ◽  
J J Sixma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Membrane Glycoprotein ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Platelet Response ◽  
Induce Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
Bernard Soulier Syndrome

SummaryThe ability of endocarditis and dental strains of Streptococcus sanguis to induce platelet aggregation in plasma (PRP) from normal subjects were examined and compared to responses of PRP with known platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) and response defects. S. sanguis strains differed in their ability to induce normal PRPs to aggregate. Strains that induced PRP aggregation in more than 60% of donors were significantly faster agonists (mean lag times to onset of aggregation less than 6 min) than those strains inducing response in PRPs of fewer than 60% of donors.Platelets from patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome aggregated in response to strains of S. sanguis. In contrast, platelets from patients with Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia and from a patient with a specific defect in response to collagen were unresponsive to S. sanguis. These observations show that GPIb and V are not essential, but GPIIb-IIIa and GPIa are important in the platelet response mechanism to S. sanguis. Indeed, the data suggests that the platelet interaction mechanisms of S. sanguis and collagen may be similar.

Response mechanism of sweet potato storage root formation and bulking to soil compaction and its relationship with yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 755
Author(s):  
Wen-Qing SHI ◽  
Bin-Bin ZHANG ◽  
Hong-Juan LIU ◽  
Qing-Xin ZHAO ◽  
Chun-Yu SHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Response Mechanism

Response mechanism of different electron donors for treating secondary effluent in ecological floating bed

2021 ◽  
pp. 125083
Author(s):  
Shanshan Sun ◽  
Xushun Gu ◽  
Manping Zhang ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Shengbing He
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donors ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Response Mechanism

scholarly journals PacBio full-length transcriptome of wild apple (Malus sieversii) provides insights into canker disease dynamic response

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Liu ◽  
Xiaoshuang Li ◽  
Xuejing Wen ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yu Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Background Valsa canker is a serious disease in the stem of Malus sieversii, caused by Valsa mali. However, little is known about the global response mechanism in M. sieversii to V. mali infection. Results Phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) profiles and transcriptome analysis were used to elaborate on the dynamic response mechanism. We determined that the JA was initially produced to respond to the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection at the early response stage, then get synergistically transduced with SA to respond at the late response stage. Furthermore, we adopted Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) full-length sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) during the canker response stage. We obtained 52,538 full-length transcripts, of which 8139 were DETs. Total 1336 lncRNAs, 23,737 alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites and 3780 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Additionally, functional annotation analysis of DETs indicated that the wild apple response to the infection of V. mali involves plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The co-expression network of the differentially expressed TFs revealed 264 candidate TF transcripts. Among these candidates, the WRKY family was the most abundant. The MsWRKY7 and MsWRKY33 were highly correlated at the early response stage, and MsWRKY6, MsWRKY7, MsWRKY19, MsWRKY33, MsWRKY40, MsWRKY45, MsWRKY51, MsWRKY61, MsWRKY75 were highly correlated at the late stage. Conclusions The full-length transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of immune responsive events in M. sieversii in response to V. mali infection. The phytohormone signal pathway regulatory played an important role in the response stage. Additionally, the enriched disease resistance pathways and differentially expressed TFs dynamics collectively contributed to the immune response. This study provides valuable insights into a dynamic response in M. sieversii upon the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection, facilitates understanding of response mechanisms to canker disease for apple, and provides supports in the identification of potential resistance genes in M. sieversii.

scholarly journals Autophagy—A Story of Bacteria Interfering with the Host Cell Degradation Machinery

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Anna K. Riebisch ◽  
Sabrina Mühlen ◽  
Yan Yan Beer ◽  
Ingo Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli

Autophagy is a highly conserved and fundamental cellular process to maintain cellular homeostasis through recycling of defective organelles or proteins. In a response to intracellular pathogens, autophagy further acts as an innate immune response mechanism to eliminate pathogens. This review will discuss recent findings on autophagy as a reaction to intracellular pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Interestingly, while some of these bacteria have developed methods to use autophagy for their own benefit within the cell, others have developed fascinating mechanisms to evade recognition, to subvert the autophagic pathway, or to escape from autophagy.

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