The role of attentional resources in suggestibility and source monitoring

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Zaragoza ◽  
Sean Lane
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Attentional Resources

The Role of Visual Distractors in the Simon Effect

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Lugli ◽  
Stefania D’Ascenzo ◽  
Roberto Nicoletti ◽  
Carlo Umiltà
Keyword(s):  
Simon Effect ◽  
Simon Task ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Spatial Code ◽  
Attentional Model ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Spatial Stimulus ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Code Changes

Abstract. The Simon effect lies on the automatic generation of a stimulus spatial code, which, however, is not relevant for performing the task. Results typically show faster performance when stimulus and response locations correspond, rather than when they do not. Considering reaction time distributions, two types of Simon effect have been individuated, which are thought to depend on different mechanisms: visuomotor activation versus cognitive translation of spatial codes. The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of a distractor, which affects the allocation of attentional resources and, thus, the time needed to generate the spatial code, changes the nature of the Simon effect. In four experiments, we manipulated the presence and the characteristics of the distractor. Findings extend previous evidence regarding the distinction between visuomotor activation and cognitive translation of spatial stimulus codes in a Simon task. They are discussed with reference to the attentional model of the Simon effect.

scholarly journals The role of cognitive load in modulating social looking: a mobile eye tracking study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura J. Bianchi ◽  
Alan Kingstone ◽  
Evan F. Risko
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Video Experiment ◽  
Back Task

Abstract The effect of cognitive load on social attention was examined across three experiments in a live pedestrian passing scenario (Experiments 1 and 2) and with the same scenario presented as a video (Experiment 3). In all three experiments, the load was manipulated using an auditory 2-back task. While the participant was wearing a mobile eye-tracker, the participant’s fixation behavior toward a confederate was recorded and analyzed based on temporal proximity from the confederate (near or far) and the specific regions of the confederate being observed (i.e., head or body). In Experiment 1 we demonstrated an effect of cognitive load such that there was a lower proportion of fixations and time spent fixating toward the confederate in the load condition. A similar pattern of results was found in Experiment 2 when a within-subject design was used. In Experiment 3, which employed a less authentic social situation (i.e., video), a similar effect of cognitive load was observed. Collectively, these results suggest attentional resources play a central role in social attentional behaviors in both authentic (real-world) and less authentic (video recorded) situations.

Metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements: The role of perceived differences in item recognition

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser ◽  
Christine Sattler ◽  
Ulrich Von Hecker
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
World Knowledge ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Monitoring Model ◽  
Metacognitive Beliefs ◽  
Presentation Time ◽  
Different Sources

This research investigated the hypothesis that metacognitive inferences in source memory judgements are based on the recognition or nonrecognition of an event together with perceived or expected differences in the recognizability of events from different sources. The hypothesis was tested with a multinomial source-monitoring model that allowed separation of source-guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items. Experiments 1A and 1B manipulated the number of item presentations as relevant source information and revealed differential guessing tendencies for recognized and unrecognized items, with a bias to attribute unrecognized items to the source associated with poor item recognition. Experiments 2A and 2B replicated the findings with a manipulation of presentation time and extended the analysis to subjective differences in item recognition. Experiments 3A and 3B used more natural source information by varying type of acoustic signal and demonstrated that subjective theories about differences in item recognition are sufficient to elicit differential source-guessing biases for recognized and unrecognized items. Together the findings provide new insights into the cognitive processes underlying source memory decisions, which involve episodic memory and reconstructive tendencies based on metacognitive beliefs and general world knowledge.

scholarly journals ROLE OF COPING STYLES AND NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS ON HIGHER PERCEIVED MENTAL FATIGABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S233-S233
Author(s):  
Theresa Gmelin ◽  
Stacy L Andersen ◽  
Robert M Boudreau ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Mary K Wojczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Adaptive Coping ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Older adults are vulnerable to negative recent life events (RLE) which deplete attentional resources and leads to cognitive exhaustion. Adaptive coping styles reduce perceived stress severity but their role on cognitive tiredness is unknown. We examined RLE and coping styles on perceived mental fatigability (Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS), 0-50pts, higher=greater fatigability) in the Long Life Family Study (N=1464, age=74.7±12.6, female=57.7%, 43.9% ≥1 major RLE past 6 months, 27.8% higher mental fatigability≥13). All analyses adjusted for family structure, field center, age, and sex. PFS mental scores correlated with all NEO-FFI (60-item, 5-domain) personality traits representing maladaptive (neuroticism r=0.25 p<.0001) and adaptive (conscientiousness r=-0.18, extraversion r=-0.24, p<.00001) coping. Having ≥1RLE was associated with higher mental fatigability (OR=1.4, 95% CI:1.2,1.8, p=.0004); adjustment for neuroticism (OR=1.3, 95% CI:0.9,1.7, p=.06) attenuated the association. Education on adaptive coping may be a modifiable skill that allows older adults to maintain lower perceived mental fatigability despite stressful events.

The Cognitive Neuroscience of Source Monitoring

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen J. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Source monitoring is a metamemory function that includes processes for encoding and organizing the content of memories, and processes that selectively revive, cumulate, and evaluate that content in the service of making attributions about the origin of the information (e.g., perception vs imagination). Neuroimaging techniques, especially functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are encouraging rapid developments in understanding the neural mechanisms supporting source monitoring. This chapter reviews current findings, placing them in historical context. It highlights key issues of particular relevance, including: neural reinstatement—the match between brain activity at encoding and later remembering; the role of lateral parietal cortex in cumulating multiple features and attending to information during remembering; functional specificity of the prefrontal cortex with respect to cognitive control; and identifying functional networks that support source monitoring. Suggestions are made for clarifying the big picture and increasing the specificity of our understanding of source monitoring and its neural architecture.

The role of attentional resources in automatic detection

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Hoffman ◽  
Billie Nelson ◽  
Michael R. Houck
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Detection ◽  
Attentional Resources
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