Understanding Decision-Making Biases in Psychopathy: A Psychopharmacological Perspective

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimia Honarmand ◽  
Stephanie Bass ◽  
Martina-Christina Kalahani-Bargis ◽  
David S. Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Would you Make the Right Decision? – Decision Making Biases in Economy - Related Dilemmas

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gödör ◽  
Georgina Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Abstract As they say, money can’t buy happiness. However, the lack of it can make people’s lives much harder. From the moment we open our first bank account, we have to make lots of financial decisions in our life. Should I save some money or should I spend it? Is it a good idea to ask for a loan? How to invest my money? When we make such decisions, unfortunately we sometimes make mistakes, too. In this study, we selected seven common decision making biases - anchoring and adjustment, overconfidence, high optimism, the law of small numbers, framing effect, disposition effect and gambler’s fallacy – and tested them on the Hungarian population via an online survey. In the focus of our study was the question whether the presence of economic knowledge helps people make better decisions? The decision making biases found in literature mostly appeared in the sample as well. It proves that people do apply them when making decisions and in certain cases this could result in serious and costly errors. That’s why it would be absolutely important for people to learn about them, thus increasing their awareness and attention when making decisions. Furthermore, in our research we did find some connection between decisions and the knowledge of economics, people with some knowledge of economics opted for the better solution in bigger proportion

scholarly journals The role of experience on techno-entrepreneurs’ decision making biases

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouria Nouri ◽  
Behrooz Jamali ◽  
Ehsan Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Seeing Is Believing—But Is It Accurate? Eyewitness Lessons From 12 Angry Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
Samuel Rabinowitz ◽  
C. Melissa Fender
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Biases

One of the more difficult aspects of teaching about perception and decision-making biases can be convincing students that they are not immune. One of the best ways of conveying this key knowledge is to ensure that the students experience a situation where they exhibit these biases and recognize that they have done so. In this article, we present an exercise based on the movie 12 Angry Men that creates just such an environment.

Are Cyber Attackers Thinking Fast and Slow? Exploratory Analysis Reveals Evidence of Decision-Making Biases in Red Teamers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gutzwiller ◽  
Kimberly J. Ferguson-Walter ◽  
Sunny J. Fugate
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Decision Making Biases

We report on whether cyber attacker behaviors contain decision making biases. Data from a prior experiment were analyzed in an exploratory fashion, making use of think-aloud responses from a small group of red teamers. The analysis provided new observational evidence of traditional decision-making biases in red team behaviors (confirmation bias, anchoring, and take-the-best heuristic use). These biases may disrupt red team decisions and goals, and simultaneously increase their risk of detection. Interestingly, at least part of the bias induction may be related to the use of cyber deception. Future directions include the development of behavioral measurement techniques for these and additional cognitive biases in cyber operators, examining the role of attacker traits, and identifying the conditions where biases can be induced successfully in experimental conditions.

The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations across Social Categories

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Garcia ◽  
Max H. Bazerman ◽  
Shirli Kopelman ◽  
Avishalom Tor ◽  
Dale T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Resource Allocations ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Profit Maximizing ◽  
Decision Making Biases

AbstractThis paper explores the influence of social categories on the perceived trade-off between a relatively bad but equal distribution of resources between two parties and a profit maximizing yet unequal one. Studies 1 and 2 showed that people prefer to maximize profits when interacting within their social category, but chose not to maximize individual and joint profits when interacting across social categories. Study 3 demonstrated that outside observers, who were not members of the focal social categories, also were less likely to maximize profits when resources were distributed across social category lines. Study 4 showed that the transaction utility of maximizing profits required greater compensation when resources were distributed across, in contrast to within social categories. We discuss the ethical implications of these decision making biases in the context of organizations.

Modeling decision-making biases

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie McShane ◽  
Sergei Nirenburg ◽  
Bruce Jarrell
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Using Behavioral Economics to Advance Deterrence Research and Improve Crime Policy: Some Illustrative Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1636-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin T. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crime Policy ◽  
Perceptions Of Crime ◽  
Situational Perceptions ◽  
Target Characteristics ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Decision Making Biases ◽  
Research And Policy

Recent experiments show that offender decision making is characterized by the use of cognitive heuristics. Questions remain about what this means for deterrence research and policy. I argue that the primary task is to identify ways to leverage decision-making biases to reduce crime. I outline three avenues for future research on deterrence, and discuss their relevance for crime policy. To illustrate these lines of inquiry and stimulate additional studies, I provide initial experimental results for each topic. I report evidence that (a) pseudocertainty publicity can increase perceived arrest risk and deterrent fear, (b) the availability heuristic can help explain how target characteristics affect situational perceptions of crime benefits and costs, and (c) individuals experience declining sensitivity to increases in sanction severity.

scholarly journals Author response: A circuit mechanism for decision-making biases and NMDA receptor hypofunction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Edward Cavanagh ◽  
Norman H Lam ◽  
John D Murray ◽  
Laurence Tudor Hunt ◽  
Steven Wayne Kennerley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Decision Making Biases
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