The In-Group Advantage in Detection of Paternal Investment Through Facial Cues

Accurate assessment of pain by health-care professionals is essential to ensure optimal management of pain. An under-researched area is whether personality characteristics affect perception of pain in others. The aims were (a) to determine whether individual differences are associated with participants’ ability to assess pain, and (b) to determine facial cues used in the assessment of pain. One hundred and twenty-eight undergraduate students participated. They completed questionnaire assessments of empathy, pain catastrophizing, sensory sensitivity and emotional intelligence. They then viewed and rated four adult facial images (no, medium, and high pain—12 images total) using a 0–10 numerical rating scale, and noted the reasons for their ratings. (a) Empathy was the only characteristic associated with accuracy of pain assessment. (b) Descriptions of eyes and mouth, and eyes alone were most commonly associated with assessment accuracy. This was the case despite variations in the expression of pain in the four faces. Future studies could evaluate the effect on accuracy of pain assessment of (a) training empathic skills for pain assessment, and (b) emphasizing attention to the eyes, and eyes and mouth.

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Extended male–female bonds and potential for prolonged paternal investment in a polygynandrous primate (Papio anubis)

Animal Behaviour ◽

10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.01.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 31-40

Author(s):

Veronika Städele ◽

Linda Vigilant ◽

Shirley C. Strum ◽

Joan B. Silk

Keyword(s):

Paternal Investment ◽

Papio Anubis

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Depicting emotions for a male or for a female audience: Do children adapt the content of their drawings to the audience gender?

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/01650254211031638 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016502542110316

Author(s):

Claire Brechet ◽

Sara Creissen ◽

Lucie D’Audigier ◽

Nathalie Vendeville

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Contextual Cues ◽

Children's Drawings ◽

Emotional Information ◽

Facial Cues ◽

Audience Control ◽

Children’S Drawings ◽

Explicit Mention ◽

Female Audience ◽

Therapeutic Settings

When depicting emotions, children have been shown to alter the content of their drawings (e.g., number and types of expressive cues) depending on the characteristics of the audience (i.e., age, familiarity, and authority). However, no study has yet investigated the influence of the audience gender on children’s depiction of emotions in their drawings. This study examined whether drawing for a male versus for a female audience have an impact on the number and type of emotional information children use to depict sadness, anger, and fear. Children aged 7 ( N = 92) and 9 ( N = 126) were asked to draw a figure and then to produce three drawings of a person, to depict three emotions (sadness, anger, fear). Children were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: they were instructed either to draw with no explicit mention of an audience (control condition) or to draw so that the depicted emotion would be recognized by a male (male audience condition) or by a female (female audience condition). A content analysis was conducted on children’s drawings, revealing the use of seven types of graphic cues for each emotion. We found numerous differences between the three conditions relative to the type of cues used by children to depict emotions, particularly for anger and fear and particularly at the age of 7. Overall, children used facial cues more frequently for a female audience and contextual cues more frequently for a male audience. These results are discussed in terms of their implications in clinical, educational, and therapeutic settings.

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How to turn that frown upside down: Children make use of a listener’s facial cues to detect and (attempt to) repair miscommunication

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 207 ◽

pp. 105097

Author(s):

Sarah A. Bacso ◽

Elizabeth S. Nilsen ◽

Janel Silva

Keyword(s):

Facial Cues

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