Using Information Theory and Elementary Cognitive Tasks to Define Executive Functions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio Santos ◽  
David C. Osmon
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks

Counterbalancing Administration of Elementary Cognitive Tasks to Define Executive Functions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio A. Santos ◽  
Sydney E. Park ◽  
Emily J. Kennedy ◽  
Erin M. Giese ◽  
David C. Osmon
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks

The Effect of Retest Practice on the Speed-Ability Relationship

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Rockstroh ◽  
Karl Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Attention Switching ◽  
Letter Comparison ◽  
Sternberg Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks

Effects of four retest-practice sessions separated by 2 h intervals on the relationship between general intelligence and four reaction time tasks (two memory tests: Sternberg's memory scanning, Posner's letter comparison; and two attention tests: continuous attention, attention switching) were examined in a sample of 83 male participants. Reaction times on all tasks were shortened significantly. The effects were most pronounced with respect to the Posner paradigm and smallest with respect to the Sternberg paradigm. The relationship to general intelligence changed after practice for two reaction time tasks. It increased to significance for continuous attention and decreased for the Posner paradigm. These results indicate that the relationship between psychometric intelligence and elementary cognitive tasks depends on the ability of skill acquisition. In the search for the cognitive roots of intelligence the concept of learning seems to be of importance.

Effects of Fatigue on Cognitive Performance in Long-Duration Simulated Flight Missions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rosa ◽  
Ola Eiken ◽  
Mikael Grönkvist ◽  
Roger Kölegård ◽  
Nicklas Dahlström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Fighter Aircraft ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Metacognitive Accuracy

Abstract. Fighter pilots may be exposed to extended flight missions. Consequently, there is increasing concern about fatigue. We investigated the effects of fatigue and cognitive performance in a simulated 11-hr mission in the 39 Gripen fighter aircraft. Five cognitive tasks were used to assess cognitive performance. Fatigue was measured with the Samn–Perelli Fatigue Index. Results showed that performance in the non-executive task degraded after approximately 7 hr. Fatigue ratings showed a matching trend to the performance in this task. Performance in tasks taxing executive functions did not decline. We interpreted that fatigue can be overridden by increased attentional effort for executive tasks but not for non-executive components of cognition. Participants underestimated their performance and metacognitive accuracy was not influenced by fatigue.

scholarly journals Sex differences on elementary cognitive tasks despite no differences on the Wonderlic Personnel Test

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan J. Pesta ◽  
Sharon Bertsch ◽  
Peter J. Poznanski ◽  
William H. Bommer
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Elementary Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Personnel Test

scholarly journals Does mental fatigue affect skilled performance in athletes? A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258307
Author(s):  
He Sun ◽  
Kim Geok Soh ◽  
Samsilah Roslan ◽  
Mohd Rozilee Wazir Norjali Wazir ◽  
Kim Lam Soh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skilled Performance ◽  
The Impact

Background Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state induced by a prolonged duration of demanding cognitive tasks. The effects of mental fatigue on physical performance have been well investigated in the literature. However, the effect of mental fatigue on skilled performance in sports remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to report a comprehensive systematic review investigating the carryover effects of mental fatigue on skilled performance among athletes. Methods A thorough search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost (CENTRAL, SPORTDicus), and Scopus to select relevant literature, as well as on Google Scholar and sources of reference for grey literature. The selected literatures are centred on a mental fatigue protocol in which cognitive tasks are performed prior to athletic tasks. Only studies that used an experimental design to test two conditions, namely mental fatigue and non-mental fatigue, were selected. Results Eleven articles were chosen based on the selection criteria. Mental fatigue affects skilled performance in three sports: soccer, basketball, and table tennis. A decline in skilled performance (decreased accuracy, increased performing time etc) is relevant to impaired executive functions. Seven studies focus on offensive skills, whereas only two studies are associated with defensive skills. Conclusion Mental fatigue has a negative effect on various sports skills of high-level athletes, including their technical and decision-making skills; however, the impact is greater on offensive skills than that of defensive skills in terms of the role of athletes. Impaired executive functions may be responsible for the negative effects of mental fatigue on skilled performance.

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