Age and saccadic reaction time in persons with intellectual disabilities

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Haishi ◽  
Hideyuki Okuzumi ◽  
Mitsuru Kokubun
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time

scholarly journals Saccadic reaction time and ocular findings in phenylketonuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hopf ◽  
Caroline Nowak ◽  
Julia B. Hennermann ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
Norbert Pfeiffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Ocular Findings

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Saccadic Reaction Time: Effect of Task Modality, Stimulus Saliency, Spatial Congruency of Stimuli, and Pupil Size

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimpei Yamagishi ◽  
Shigeto Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Pupil Size ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Auditory Target ◽  
Target Condition ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Stimulus Saliency

It is often assumed that the reaction time of a saccade toward visual and/or auditory stimuli reflects the sensitivities of our oculomotor-orienting system to stimulus saliency. Endogenous factors, as well as stimulus-related factors, would also affect the saccadic reaction time (SRT). However, it was not clear how these factors interact and to what extent visual and auditory-targeting saccades are accounted for by common mechanisms. The present study examined the effect of, and the interaction between, stimulus saliency and audiovisual spatial congruency on the SRT for visual- and for auditory-target conditions. We also analyzed pre-target pupil size to examine the relationship between saccade preparation and pupil size. Pupil size is considered to reflect arousal states coupling with locus-coeruleus (LC) activity during a cognitive task. The main findings were that (1) the pattern of the examined effects on the SRT varied between visual- and auditory-auditory target conditions, (2) the effect of stimulus saliency was significant for the visual-target condition, but not significant for the auditory-target condition, (3) Pupil velocity, not absolute pupil size, was sensitive to task set (i.e., visual-targeting saccade vs. auditory-targeting saccade), and (4) there was a significant correlation between the pre-saccade absolute pupil size and the SRTs for the visual-target condition but not for the auditory-target condition. The discrepancy between target modalities for the effect of pupil velocity and between the absolute pupil size and pupil velocity for the correlation with SRT may imply that the pupil effect for the visual-target condition was caused by a modality-specific link between pupil size modulation and the SC rather than by the LC-NE (locus coeruleus-norepinephrine) system. These results support the idea that different threshold mechanisms in the SC may be involved in the initiation of saccades toward visual and auditory targets.

Attentional disengagement is modulated by the offset of unpleasant pictures: a saccadic reaction time study

2013 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Walter Machado-Pinheiro ◽  
Aydamari Faria ◽  
Filipe Braga ◽  
Pedro Guerra ◽  
Pandelis Perakakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Attentional Disengagement ◽  
Reaction Time Study

No effect of attachment avoidance on visual disengagement from a romantic partner’s face

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2166-2183
Author(s):  
Shayne Sanscartier ◽  
Jessica A. Maxwell ◽  
Penelope Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Saccadic Reaction Time ◽  
Attachment Avoidance ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Attachment Orientations ◽  
Romantic Attachments ◽  
Visual Disengagement

Attachment avoidance (discomfort with closeness and intimacy) has been inconsistently linked to visual disengagement from emotional faces, with some studies finding disengagement toward specific emotional faces and others finding no effects. Although most studies use stranger faces as stimuli, it is likely that attachment effects would be most pronounced in the context of attachment relationships. The present study ( N = 92) combined ecologically valid stimuli (i.e., pictures of romantic partner’s face) with eye-tracking methods to more precisely test whether highly avoidant individuals are faster at disengaging from emotional faces. Unexpectedly, attachment avoidance had no effect on saccadic reaction time, regardless of face type or emotion. Instead, all participants took longer to disengage from romantic partner faces than from strangers’ faces, although this effect should be replicated in the future. Our results suggest that romantic attachments capture visual attention on an oculomotor level, regardless of one’s personal attachment orientations.

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