Self-Reported Alcohol Use and Drunk Driving After Breath Alcohol Estimation Training

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Aston ◽  
Anthony Liguori
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Breath Alcohol

scholarly journals Relapse of drunk driving and association with traffic accidents, alcohol-related problems and biomarkers of impulsivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tõnis Tokko ◽  
Diva Eensoo ◽  
Mariliis Vaht ◽  
Klaus-Peter Lesch ◽  
Andreas Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Allele Carrier ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Drunk Drivers ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

AbstractObjectiveIndividual biological predispositions should play a role in risky driving behaviour. Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene polymorphisms have been identified as markers of impulsivity, alcohol use and excessive risk-taking. We aimed to find out how this knowledge on neurobiology of impulsivity applies to drunk driving and traffic behaviour in general.MethodsWe have longitudinally examined the behaviour of drunk drivers (n = 203) and controls (n = 211) in traffic, in association with their alcohol-related problems, personality measures and the three biomarkers. We analysed differences between the subjects based on whether they had committed driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI) violation in a 10-year time period after recruitment or not and investigated further, what kind of predictive value do the different biomarkers have in committing DWI and other traffic violations and accidents.ResultsThe original drunk drivers group had lower platelet MAO activity but further DWI was not significantly associated with this measure. Being a NPSR1 T-allele carrier contributed to the risk of repeatedly committing DWI. DAT1 9R carriers in contrast were involved in more traffic accidents by their own fault (active accidents), compared to 10R homozygotes in the whole sample. All groups with DWI also had significantly more alcohol-related problems and higher scores in maladaptive impulsivity compared to controls without DWI.ConclusionsEstablished biological markers of alcohol use and impulsivity can be reliably associated with everyday traffic behaviour and help in contributing to the understanding of the need for more personalized prevention activities.

Drunk in Society

Drunk Japan ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 142-174
Author(s):  
Mark D. West
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Legal Contexts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter focuses on the role of intoxication in society. After examining the way courts discuss alcohol use as a social problem, it turns to three legal contexts: employment law, family law, and torts. First, it examines cases of disciplinary dismissals, in which civil servants whose employment is terminated after drunk-driving convictions sue their former employers. Second, it explores divorce cases in which alcohol consumption and intoxication are raised as factors that contributed to the demise of the marriage. Third, it turns to cases in which people claim they were defamed by statements related to alcohol consumption. In each case, courts issue opinions that either offer little insight into their thoughts on intoxication (despite a penchant for editorializing in other types of cases) or apply uneven, but individualized, justice.

Drunk Driving

Drunk Japan ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Mark D. West
Keyword(s):  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Breath Alcohol ◽  
The World

Japanese drunk driving laws are among the strictest in the world and are stricter than those of any U.S. state. Yet despite considerable drinking in Japan, drunk driving arrests and prosecutions are relatively rare. When cases reach the courtroom, Japanese judges apply an extraordinary range of tests to determine liability. Sometimes they rely on blood alcohol or breath alcohol results, and sometimes they don’t. Sometimes they rely on subjective observations of intoxication, and sometimes they don’t. Sometimes they rely on factors unrelated to drinking or driving to determine liability both for drivers and for passengers alike.

scholarly journals Cultural Differences in Tweeting about Drinking Across the US

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Giorgi ◽  
David B. Yaden ◽  
Johannes C. Eichstaedt ◽  
Robert D. Ashford ◽  
Anneke E.K. Buffone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Linguistic Markers ◽  
Community Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Excessive alcohol use in the US contributes to over 88,000 deaths per year and costs over $250 billion annually. While previous studies have shown that excessive alcohol use can be detected from general patterns of social media engagement, we characterized how drinking-specific language varies across regions and cultures in the US. From a database of 38 billion public tweets, we selected those mentioning “drunk”, found the words and phrases distinctive of drinking posts, and then clustered these into topics and sets of semantically related words. We identified geolocated “drunk” tweets and correlated their language with the prevalence of self-reported excessive alcohol consumption (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; BRFSS). We then identified linguistic markers associated with excessive drinking in different regions and cultural communities as identified by the American Community Project. “Drunk” tweet frequency (of the 3.3 million geolocated “drunk” tweets) correlated with excessive alcohol consumption at both the county and state levels (r = 0.26 and 0.45, respectively, p < 0.01). Topic analyses revealed that excessive alcohol consumption was most correlated with references to drinking with friends (r = 0.20), family (r = 0.15), and driving under the influence (r = 0.14). Using the American Community Project classification, we found a number of cultural markers of drinking: religious communities had a high frequency of anti-drunk driving tweets, Hispanic centers discussed family members drinking, and college towns discussed sexual behavior. This study shows that Twitter can be used to explore the specific sociocultural contexts in which excessive alcohol use occurs within particular regions and communities. These findings can inform more targeted public health messaging and help to better understand cultural determinants of substance abuse.

scholarly journals Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Keqin Jia ◽  
Judy Fleiter ◽  
Mark King ◽  
Mary Sheehan ◽  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Local Jail ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
And Behaviors

Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keqin Jia ◽  
Judy Fleiter ◽  
Mark King ◽  
Mary Sheehan ◽  
Wenjun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Local Jail ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
And Behaviors

Jia, K., Fleiter, J., King, M., Sheehan, M., Ma, W., & Zhang, J. (2015). Knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders in Guangzhou, China. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 151-158. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.203Aims: To better understand the knowledge and behaviors of drunk-driving offenders relating to alcohol use and driving in thecontext of recently amended Chinese legislation, and to investigate the involvement of alcohol-use disorders.Design: The study was a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2012.Setting and participants: Data were collected at a local jail and 101 participants were recruited while in detention.Measures: Questionnaire items examined demographic characteristics as well as practices and knowledge relating to alcohol useand driving. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was used to assess hazardous drinking levels.Findings: Knowledge about the two legal limits for “drink driving” and for “drunk driving” was low, at 28.3% and 41.4%,respectively. AUDIT scores indicated that a substantial proportion of the offenders had high levels of alcohol-use disorders.Higher AUDIT scores were found among the least experienced drivers, those who lacked knowledge about the legal limits, andrecidivist drunk drivers.Conclusions: Limited awareness of legal alcohol limits might contribute to offending; high AUDIT scores suggest thathazardous drinking levels may also contribute. This study provides important information to assist in refining communityeducation and prevention efforts.

Perceptions of Alcohol Use in Tanzanian Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Community Advisory Board ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Culture Consumption ◽  
Internal Homogeneity

Background: Alcohol is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, with 4-6% of deaths annually the result of harmful alcohol use. Alcohol’s effect on health outcomes involves societal and individual factors including culture, consumption patterns, familial factors, etc. Rates of alcohol abuse in Moshi are ~2.5x higher than the Tanzanian average. We sought to qualitatively assess the perceptions of alcohol use in Moshi, Tanzania including availability, consumption patterns, abuse, and treatment in order to identify potential targets for policy or behavioral intervention.Methods: Focus groups were conducted using a convenience sample of injury patients, their families, and community advisory board(CAB) members. Discussions, led by trained, bilingual research nurses, were audiotaped, transcribed, and translated for formal qualitative analysis. Transcriptions were then analyzed in parallel using an inductive thematic content analysis approach. Resultant themes were then reanalyzed to ensure internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity. Results: 14 focus group discussions, with a total of 104 participants (40 patients, 50 family members, 14 CAB members) were conducted. Major themes resulting from the analysis including 1) Early/repeated exposure leading to view of alcohol as “just another drink”, 2) Moderate use as a social norm with positive attributes, 3) Complications of overconsumption and abuse (including drunk driving) are widely stigmatized, and 4) Limited knowledge and availability regarding alcohol treatment or cessation and treatment.Conclusions: The burden of alcohol-related health outcomes seen at KCMC is the result of a complex interaction of social, individual, and cultural factors. Drinking culture and context result in ubiquitous exposure from an early age and normalization of alcohol-related behaviors. Despite this, there is strong stigma towards complications stemming from alcohol abuse. Overall, resources for alcohol treatment and cessation although broadly desired, are presently lacking.

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