From color to health: Effect of skin tone bias on health outcomes for Blacks

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekeoma Uzogara ◽  
James Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Skin Tone Bias

How processing objectives influence implicit skin tone bias

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Schyrokyj ◽  
Julie Russ ◽  
Keith Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Skin Tone ◽  
Skin Tone Bias

Cultural Competency, Race, and Skin Tone Bias Among Pharmacy, Nursing, and Medical Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley White-Means ◽  
Zhiyong Dong ◽  
Meghan Hufstader ◽  
Lawrence T. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cultural Competency ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Skin Tone Bias

Virtual Humans Elicit Skin-Tone Bias Consistent with Real-World Skin-Tone Biases

2008 ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Rossen ◽  
Kyle Johnsen ◽  
Adeline Deladisma ◽  
Scott Lind ◽  
Benjamin Lok
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Virtual Humans ◽  
Skin Tone Bias

The Exposome Paradigm in Environmental Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Andreas Sarigiannis
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Conventional Paradigm ◽  
Shed Light

Connectivity introduces a new exposome based paradigm in environmental health. This denotes an approach that builds on the exploration of the interconnections between the co-existence of multiple exogenous and endogenous stressors and the different scales of biological organization. Coupling the two results in the final adverse health effect. This differs from the conventional paradigm, which seeks to shed light on the identification of singular cause-effect relationships between stressors and health outcomes. It creates a new way of combining health-relevant information coming from different disciplines, treating all factors affecting internal and external exposome are as covariates. Their functional integration into results in understanding the complex interaction between genome and exposome. The applicability of the exposome (and more specifically the connectivity) approach towards a better understanding of the exposure, sociodemographic and biological factors interplay in the association between environment and disease, is demonstrated in two different case studies.

scholarly journals The Isocaloric Substitution of Plant-Based and Animal-Based Protein in Relation to Aging-Related Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Jiali Zheng ◽  
Tianren Zhu ◽  
Guanghuan Yang ◽  
Longgang Zhao ◽  
Fangyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meat Protein ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Plant-based and animal-based protein intake have differential effects on various aging-related health outcomes, but less is known about the health effect of isocaloric substitution of plant-based and animal-based protein. This systematic review summarized current evidence of the isocaloric substitutional effect of plant-based and animal-based protein on aging-related health outcomes. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for epidemiologic observational studies published in English up to 15 March 2021. Studies that included adults ≥18 years old; use of a nutritional substitution model to define isocaloric substitution of plant protein and animal protein; health outcomes covering mortality, aging-related diseases or indices; and reported association estimates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were included. Nine cohort studies and 3 cross-sectional studies were identified, with a total of 1,450,178 subjects included in this review. Consistent and significant inverse association of substituting plant protein for various animal proteins on all-cause mortality was observed among 4 out of 5 studies with relative risks (RRs) from 0.54 to 0.95 and on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among all 4 studies with RRs from 0.58 to 0.91. Among specific animal proteins, the strongest inverse association on all-cause and CVD mortality was identified when substituting plant protein for red and/or processed meat protein, with the effect mainly limited to bread, cereal, and pasta protein when replacing red meat protein. Isocaloric substitution of plant-based protein for animal-based protein might prevent all-cause and CVD-specific mortality. More studies are needed on this topic, particularly for cancer incidence and other specific aging-related diseases.

scholarly journals Ambient PM2.5 Human Health Effects—Findings in China and Research Directions

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Miller ◽  
Xiaohong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) results in adverse health outcomes. Although this is a global concern, residents of China may be particularly vulnerable due to frequent severe air pollution episodes associated with economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization. Until 2012, PM2.5 was not regulated and monitored in China and annual average concentrations far exceeded the World Health Organizations guidelines of 10 μg/m3. Since the establishment of PM2.5 Ambient Air Quality Criteria in 2012, concentrations have decreased, but still pose significant health risks. A review of ambient PM2.5 health effect studies is warranted to evaluate the current state of knowledge and to prioritize future research efforts. Our review found that recent literature has confirmed associations between PM2.5 exposure and total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, hypertension, lung cancer, influenza and other adverse health outcomes. Future studies should take a long-term approach to verify associations between exposure to PM2.5 and health effects. In order to obtain adequate exposure assessment at finer spatial resolutions, high density sampling, satellite remote sensing, or models should be employed. Personal monitoring should also be conducted to validate the use of outdoor concentrations as proxies for exposure. More research efforts should be devoted to seasonal patterns, sub-population susceptibility, and the mechanism by which exposure causes health effects. Submicron and ultrafine PM should also be monitored and regulated.

In My Feelings: Exploring Implicit Skin Tone Bias among Preservice Teachers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jandel Crutchfield ◽  
David Sparks ◽  
Maya Williams ◽  
Erin Findley
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Skin Tone Bias

Strains of skin tone bias

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karletta White
Keyword(s):  
Skin Tone ◽  
Skin Tone Bias

scholarly journals Sleep duration and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10 (Suppl. 2)) ◽  
pp. S218-S231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
Caroline Dutil ◽  
Ryan Featherstone ◽  
Robert Ross ◽  
Lora Giangregorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overview Of Systematic Reviews

The objective of this overview of systematic reviews was to examine the associations between sleep duration and health outcomes in adults. Four electronic databases were searched in December 2018 for systematic reviews published in the previous 10 years. Included reviews met the a priori determined population (community-dwelling adults aged 18 years and older), intervention/exposure/comparator (various levels of sleep duration), and outcome criteria (14 outcomes examined). To avoid overlap in primary studies, we used a priority list to choose a single review per outcome; reviews that examined the effect of age and those that looked at dose–response were prioritized. A total of 36 systematic reviews were eligible and 11 were included. Reviews included comprised 4 437 101 unique participants from 30 countries. Sleep duration was assessed subjectively in 96% of studies and 78% of studies in the reviews were prospective cohort studies. The dose–response curves showed that the sleep duration that was most favourably associated with health was 7–8 h per day. Modification of the effect by age was not apparent. The quality of the evidence ranged from low to high across health outcomes. In conclusion, the available evidence suggests that a sleep duration of 7–8 h per day is the one most favourably associated with health among adults and older adults. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019119529.) Novelty This is the first overview of reviews that examines the influence of sleep duration on a wide range of health outcomes in adults. Seven to 8 h of sleep per day was most favourably associated with health. Effect modification by age was not evident.

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