Novel drugs and treatment strategies

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kuritzkes ◽  
Mirko Paiardini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Novel Drugs

scholarly journals Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

Hematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Löwenberg ◽  
James D. Griffin ◽  
Martin S. Tallman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract The therapeutic approach to the patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) currently evolves toward new frontiers. This is particularly apparent from the entree of high-throughput diagnostic technologies and the identification of prognostic and therapeutic targets, the introduction of therapies in genetically defined subgroups of AML, as well as the influx of investigational approaches and novel drugs into the pipeline of clinical trials that target pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. In Section I, Dr. Bob Löwenberg reviews current issues in the clinical practice of the management of adults with AML, including those of older age. Dr. Löwenberg describes upcoming possibilities for predicting prognosis in defined subsets by molecular markers and reviews experimental strategies to improve remission induction and postinduction treatment. In Section II, Dr. James Griffin reviews the mechanisms that lead to activation of tyrosine kinases by mutations in AML, the consequences of that activation for the cell, and the opportunities for targeted therapy and discusses some examples of developing novel drugs (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and their effectiveness in AML (FLT3). In Section III, Dr. Martin Tallman describes the evaluation and management of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, a notable example of therapeutic progress in a molecularly defined entity of leukemia. Dr. Tallman focuses on the molecular genetics of APL, current curative treatment strategies and approaches for patients with relapsed and refractory disease. In addition, areas of controversy regarding treatment are addressed.

scholarly journals Novel drugs and treatment strategies for HIV-1

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Kevin Ward
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Hiv 1

Genetic and immunophenotypical diagnostics for acute myeloid leukemia and their implication on treatment strategy

2012 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. -
Author(s):  
Sabine Kayser ◽  
Richard F. Schlenk
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Genetic Abnormalities ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Acute Myeloid

AbstractCytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) play an important role in the pathogenesis, are absolutely necessary for disease classification, are the most important prognostic factors for induction success and survival, and are increasingly used for specific genotype-adapted treatment approaches. In particular, molecular-targeted treatment strategies are evolving within clinical trials in the AML entities core-binding factor AML, characterized by t(8;21) and inv(16)/t(16;16), and AML with mutated NPM1, as well as AML with an internal tandem duplication of the FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene. The link between the leukemogenic importance of genetic abnormalities and their role as a potential target for well-known and novel drugs will contribute to the stepwise replacement of purely risk-adapted therapy to a more and more genotype-adapted treatment strategy.

scholarly journals Enzalutamide therapy for advanced prostate cancer: efficacy, resistance and beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. R31-R52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Linder ◽  
Henk G van der Poel ◽  
Andries M Bergman ◽  
Wilbert Zwart ◽  
Stefan Prekovic
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Novel Drugs

The androgen receptor drives the growth of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This has led to the development of multiple novel drugs targeting this hormone-regulated transcription factor, such as enzalutamide – a potent androgen receptor antagonist. Despite the plethora of possible treatment options, the absolute survival benefit of each treatment separately is limited to a few months. Therefore, current research efforts are directed to determine the optimal sequence of therapies, discover novel drugs effective in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and define patient subpopulations that ultimately benefit from these treatments. Molecular studies provide evidence on which pathways mediate treatment resistance and may lead to improved treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. This review provides, firstly a concise overview of the clinical development, use and effectiveness of enzalutamide in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, secondly it describes translational research addressing enzalutamide response vs resistance and lastly highlights novel potential treatment strategies in the enzalutamide-resistant setting.

scholarly journals RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: THE PROBLEMS OF REMISSION AND THERAPY RESISTANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Nasonov ◽  
Yu. A. Olyunin ◽  
A. M. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Clinical Problems

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immunoinflammatory (autoimmune) rheumatic disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by chronic erosive arthritis and systemic visceral organ damage that results in early disability and shorter patient survival. Despite RA treatment advances associated with the design of novel drugs and the improvement of treatment strategies to achieve remission in many patients, there are still many theoretical and clinical problems concerning both the definition of the concept of remission, its characteristics and types and approaches to the optimum policy of symptomatic and pathogenetic drug therapy at different stages of the disease, the use of which will be able to rapidly induce and maintain remission in the long-term. Further investigations are needed to study the nature of heterogeneity of pathogenetic mechanisms of RA and approaches to early diagnosis, to improve methods for monitoring disease activity and biomarkers for the efficiency of and resistance to therapy and, finally, to develop differentiation therapy, including those related to a search for new therapeutic targets.

Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia and Delusional Disorder in Late Life

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Howard
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Atypical Neuroleptics ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Drug Doses

As people live longer, an increasing proportion of patients with schizophrenia and delusional disorder will be elderly. Little has been published on treatment response, effective treatment strategies, or the use of atypical neuroleptics in this group. This review of the literature explores documented response rate, route and dose of neuroleptic, indicators of poor response, and the use of novel drugs. Despite great variation in the neuroleptic dose ranges employed, patients with late-onset disease often continue to experience psychotic symptoms. Compliance with treatment is the most important determinant of outcome. Atypical neuroleptics are specifically indicated for patients with visual hallucinations or extrapyramidal symptoms. Elderly psychotic patients should be treated as vigorously and with as wide a range of neuroleptics as their younger counterparts. Physicians should not restrict drug doses to modest levels in all cases as long as patients are monitored frequently for the emergence of side effects.

scholarly journals Up- or Downregulation of Melanin Synthesis Using Amino Acids, Peptides, and Their Analogs

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Yong Chool Boo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pigmentary Disorders ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Related Compounds

Harmonious synthesis and distribution of melanin in the skin contribute to the expression of beauty and the maintenance of health. When skin pigmentary disorders occur because of internal or external factors or, when there is a need to artificially increase or reduce the pigmentation level of the skin for aesthetic or therapeutic purposes, various pharmacological therapies are applied but the results are not always satisfactory. Studies have been conducted to improve the efficacy and safety of these treatment strategies. In this review, we present the latest studies regarding peptides and related compounds that may be useful in artificially increasing or reducing skin melanin levels. Certain analogs of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and oligopeptides with the sequences derived from the hormone were shown to promote melanin synthesis in cells and in vivo models. Various amino acids, peptides, their analogs, and their hybrid compounds with other chemical moieties were shown to inhibit tyrosinase (TYR) catalytic activity or downregulate TYR gene expression. Certain peptides were shown to inhibit melanosome biogenesis or induce autophagy, leading to decreased pigmentation. In vivo and clinical evidence are available for some compounds, including [Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH, glutathione disulfide, and glycinamide hydrochloride. For many other compounds, additional studies are required to verify their efficacy and safety in vivo and in clinical trials. The accumulating information regarding pro- and antimelanogenic activity of peptides and related compounds will lead to the development of novel drugs for the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders.

scholarly journals Multiscale Modelling and Analysis of Tumour Growth and Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sara Hamis
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Damage Repair ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Parameter Perturbations ◽  
Treatment Responses

A multiscale, agent-based mathematical framework is here used to capture the multiscale nature of solid tumours. Tumour dynamics and treatment responses are modelled and simulated in silico. Details regarding cell cy-cle progression, tumour growth and oxygen distribution are included in the mathematical framework. Treatment responses to conventional anti-cancer therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as to more novel drugs, such as hypoxia-activated prodrugs and DNA-damage repair inhibit-ing drugs, are studied. Uncertainty and sensitivity analyses techniques are discussed in order to mitigate model uncertainty and interpret model sen-sitivity to parameter perturbations. This thesis furthermore discusses the role of mathematical modelling in current cancer research.

Novel Long-acting Pharmacotherapy for Exudative Age Related Macular Degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (41) ◽  
pp. 4860-4863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elad Moisseiev ◽  
Anat Loewenstein
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Long Acting

Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major indication for the administration of intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents, which have been established as a very effective pharmacotherapy for this disease. However, treatment with anti-VEGF agents requires several patient visits for monitoring and treatment. Strategies for achieving a longer duration of pharmacological action are currently being developed. These include the development of longer-acting drugs, and of novel technologies to increase the duration of action of administered agents. This manuscript will review the novel drugs and technologies currently being developed for achieving a longer-action pharmacotherapy for exudative AMD.

scholarly journals Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Novel Drugs against Mycobacterial β-Carbonic Anhydrases: An Update on In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Aspatwar ◽  
Jean-Yves Winum ◽  
Fabrizio Carta ◽  
Claudiu Supuran ◽  
Milka Hammaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies ◽  
Inhibition Studies

Mycobacteria cause a variety of diseases, such as tuberculosis, leprosy, and opportunistic diseases in immunocompromised people. The treatment of these diseases is problematic, necessitating the development of novel treatment strategies. Recently, β-carbonic anhydrases (β-CAs) have emerged as potential drug targets in mycobacteria. The genomes of mycobacteria encode for three β-CAs that have been cloned and characterized from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the crystal structures of two of the enzymes have been determined. Different classes of inhibitor molecules against Mtb β-CAs have subsequently been designed and have been shown to inhibit these mycobacterial enzymes in vitro. The inhibition of these centrally important mycobacterial enzymes leads to reduced growth of mycobacteria, lower virulence, and impaired biofilm formation. Thus, the inhibition of β-CAs could be a novel approach for developing drugs against the severe diseases caused by pathogenic mycobacteria. In the present article, we review the data related to in vitro and in vivo inhibition studies in the field.

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