Optimizing and scaling up treatment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Towards a new generation of treatment programs

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
New Generation

Latin American Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Carles Crosas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Urban Imaginary ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
New Generation ◽  
American Cities

During the nineteenth century, capital cities in Latin America established a new generation of “green” grids, inherited from the tradition of Hispanic colonization that introduced new elements of modernity: technique, transport, and ecology. From hundreds of cases, it is worth paying attention to those that are most outstanding for embodying a number of characteristics: certain isolated condition, perfect geometrical layout, tram connection, “hygienist” inspiration, innovative engineering, new urban imaginary, etc. The brief presentation of some cases in Buenos Aires, México DF, Montevideo, and Sao Paolo leads the authors to assess the outstanding case of El Vedado in La Habana (1859) within its contemporary panorama. This is a canonical grid district settled in a vast and privileged area near the Caribbean Sea, with its quiet tree-lined streets and notable for its exquisite buildings. After 150 years, reviewing the transformation of this unique grid allows one to gain insight regarding the flexibility of urban grids, appreciate the splendour of its past, and explore the potential for its future.

New Vaccines for Developing Countries: Will it Be Feast or Famine?

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kim Andrus ◽  
Ciro de Quadros ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Ruiz Matus ◽  
Silvana Luciani ◽  
Peter Hotez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
New Generation ◽  
New Vaccines

AbstractThe Revolving Fund of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has an almost 30 year track record of providing access to essential vaccines for the entire population of Latin America and the Caribbean region. The activities of the PAHO Revolving Fund, coupled with the provision of high-quality technical assistance, were crucial to the successful control, elimination, or eradication of most of the region's great childhood killers, including measles and polio. Today, however, the Revolving Fund faces new challenges in the form of procuring a new generation of vaccines for human papillomavirus infection, rotavirus, and pneumococcal disease, which are priced orders of magnitude higher than the traditional childhood vaccines. The high cost of these essential new vaccines may require the PAHO Revolving Fund to establish innovative financial mechanisms for procuring these products at prices affordable for national immunization programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. The alternative, namely to bypass the Revolving Fund, could severely threaten the health of the region, especially Latin America's poorest people.

New tobacco and nicotine products in Latin America and the Caribbean: assessing the market and regulatory environment

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056959
Author(s):  
Eric Crosbie ◽  
Gianella Severini ◽  
Alexandra Beem ◽  
Brian Tran ◽  
Ernesto Marcelo Sebrie
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
New Generation

ObjectiveTo document the regulatory environment of new tobacco and nicotine products (NTNPs), including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTPs), in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).MethodsReview of market research reports and databases, regulatory websites, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, relevant published literature and the 2021 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic.ResultsENDS entered the LAC market in the 2010s and are now available in most LAC countries. A majority of LAC countries (n=18) have either banned the commercialisation of ENDS (n=7) or regulated ENDS as tobacco products (n=7), medicinal products (n=1) or consumer products (n=3). The remaining LAC countries (n=15) do not regulate ENDS. HTPs were first introduced in 2017 and have been officially launched in five countries (Colombia, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Mexico and Costa Rica). Few countries have banned HTP commercialisation (n=3) or regulated commercialisation and use (n=7), while the majority of countries have existing legislation that applies to HTPs (n=19). A few countries (n=4) have no tobacco control legislation and therefore do not regulate HTPs.ConclusionNTNPs are emerging products in the LAC region. Governments should follow WHO guidance and the decisions of the Conference of Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and ban or regulate NTNPs as tobacco products; otherwise NTNPs could create a new generation of tobacco and nicotine users.

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