Somatoform and psychological peritraumatic dissociation: associated with each other, reported childhood trauma, and delayed recall of childhood sexual abuse

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onno van der Hart ◽  
Ellert R. S. Nijenhuis ◽  
Annegien van Engen ◽  
Ine Kusters
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Peritraumatic Dissociation ◽  
Delayed Recall

Cannabis use and psychosis: re-visiting the role of childhood trauma

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2339-2348 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Houston ◽  
J. Murphy ◽  
M. Shevlin ◽  
G. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

BackgroundCannabis consumption continues to be identified as a causal agent in the onset and development of psychosis. However, recent findings have shown that the effect of cannabis on psychosis may be moderated by childhood traumatic experiences.MethodUsing hierarchical multivariate logistic analyses the current study examined both the independent effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis diagnosis and the combined effect of cannabis consumption and childhood sexual abuse on psychosis diagnosis using data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007 (n=7403).ResultsFindings suggested that cannabis consumption was predictive of psychosis diagnosis in a bivariate model; however, when estimated within a multivariate model that included childhood sexual abuse, the effect of cannabis use was attenuated and was not statistically significant. The multivariate analysis revealed that those who had experienced non-consensual sex in childhood were over six times [odds ratio (OR) 6.10] more likely to have had a diagnosis of psychosis compared with those who had not experienced this trauma. There was also a significant interaction. Individuals with a history of non-consensual sexual experience and cannabis consumption were over seven times more likely (OR 7.84) to have been diagnosed with psychosis compared with those without these experiences; however, this finding must be interpreted with caution as it emerged within an overall analytical step which was non-significant.ConclusionsFuture studies examining the effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis should adjust analyses for childhood trauma. Childhood trauma may advance existing gene–environment conceptualisations of the cannabis–psychosis link.

Implications of Childhood Trauma for Depressed Women: An Analysis of Pathways From Childhood Sexual Abuse to Deliberate Self-Harm and Revictimization

2004 ◽  
Vol 161 (8) ◽  
pp. 1417-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma L. Gladstone ◽  
Gordon B. Parker ◽  
Philip B. Mitchell ◽  
Gin S. Malhi ◽  
Kay Wilhelm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Harm

scholarly journals Childhood trauma and hallucinations in bipolar affective disorder: preliminary investigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Hammersley ◽  
Anton Dias ◽  
Gillian Todd ◽  
Kim Bowen-Jones ◽  
Bernadette Reilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Spontaneous Reports ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundStrong evidence exists for an association between childhood trauma, particularly childhood sexual abuse, and hallucinations in schizophrenia. Hallucinations are also well-documented symptoms in people with bipolar affective disorder.AimsTo investigate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and other childhood traumas and hallucinations in people with bipolar affective disorder.MethodA sample of 96 participants was drawn from the Medical Research Council multi-centre trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy for bipolar affective disorder. The trial therapists recorded spontaneous reports of childhood sexual abuse made during the course of therapy. Symptom data were collected by trained research assistants masked to the hypothesis.ResultsA significant association was found between those reporting general trauma (n=38) and auditory hallucinations. A highly significant association was found between those reporting childhood sexual abuse (n=15) and auditory hallucinations.ConclusionsThe relationship between childhood sexual abuse and hallucinations in bipolar disorder warrants further investigation.

Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse Among Women Using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A Worldwide Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802091286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Pan ◽  
Xiujin Lin ◽  
Jianbo Liu ◽  
Shengjie Zhang ◽  
Xuan Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
General Group ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Geographical Regions

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a common form of childhood maltreatment. Several studies have shown that CSA adversely affects the physical and mental health. Numerous studies have evaluated the prevalence of CSA among females using various instruments. In this meta-analysis, we estimated the rate of CSA among women using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire for the first time. Four databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) were systematically searched for studies published as of April 2, 2018. Forty-eight articles (53 groups of samples) covering 22,224 individuals, including women, from 16 countries were selected. Using the random-effects model, the pooled overall rate of CSA was 24% (95% confidence interval [21%, 27%]). On subgroup analyses, the rate of female CSA in people with mental illness was higher than that in the general group; this result showed variability among different geographical regions.

scholarly journals Stigma as a barrier to addressing childhood trauma in conversation with trauma survivors: A study in the general population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258782
Author(s):  
Georg Schomerus ◽  
Stephanie Schindler ◽  
Theresia Rechenberg ◽  
Tobias Gfesser ◽  
Hans J. Grabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Childhood Physical Abuse ◽  
Negative Stereotypes

Victims of childhood trauma report shame and anticipation of stigma, leading to non-disclosure and avoidance of help. Stigma is potentially aggravating the mental health consequences of childhood trauma. So far there is no comprehensive study examining stigma toward adult survivors of various forms of childhood trauma, and it is unclear whether stigma interferes with reaching out to affected individuals. In a vignette study based on a representative sample of the German general population (N = 1320; 47.7% male) we randomly allocated participants to brief case vignettes pertaining to past childhood sexual/physical abuse or accidents, and adult physical abuse. Stigma was elicited by applying the Social Distance Scale, assessing respondents’ attitudes/stereotypes toward the persons in the vignette and their reluctance to address the specific trauma in conversation. While one aim was to establish the prevalence of stigma toward persons with CT, we hypothesized that attitudes differ according to type of trauma. Of the respondents, 45% indicated they were unlikely to reach out to a victim of childhood sexual abuse, 38% to a victim of childhood physical abuse, 31% to someone reporting a childhood accident and 25% to someone reporting adult physical abuse. Contrary to our expectations, childhood sexual abuse did not consistently elicit more stigma than childhood physical abuse in Krukall-Wallis tests. Equally, childhood interpersonal trauma did not consistently elicit more stigma than childhood accidental trauma. Structural equation modeling revealed social distance as mediator of the relationship between negative stereotypes and reluctance to address childhood trauma in conversation. Our analyses further revealed an ambiguous role of negative stereotypes in addressing childhood trauma in conversation with trauma victims, which has yet to be examined. There is evidence for stigma associated with having survived childhood trauma, which is interfering with offering help.

scholarly journals Influence of the GABA Receptor Subunit Gene Polymorphism and Childhood Sexual Abuse on Processing Speed in Major Depression and Suicide Attempt

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Yin ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Qianqian Xin ◽  
Shuqiong Zheng ◽  
Xiang Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Receptor Subunit

Background: Suicide is moderately heritable and also more common in those who report childhood abuse. Previously, it was found that allele A of GABRG2 (GABA A receptor subunit gamma2) polymorphism rs211034 was protective in a suicide attempt (SA). Hence, it was proposed that rs211034 may interact with childhood trauma to influence cognitive deficits related to SA or depression risk. Genetic variants may predict the benefits of certain cognitive treatments.Methods: A total of 52 individuals who had attempted suicide, 59 individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar depression who had not previously attempted suicide, and 90 healthy volunteers were subjected to the modified Suicide Stroop task and were clinically assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Hamilton Depression Scale-24 items (HAMD-24). rs211034 was genotyped using Sanger sequencing.Results: After correcting for covariates, depressed participants displayed longer reaction times for all emotional conditions, including suicide-related words, compared with healthy controls. Depressed suicide attempters displayed longer reaction times for negative words than depressed non-attempters. Depressed non-attempters displayed higher interference scores for negative words compared with healthy controls. There was an interaction between rs211034 risk allele and the effects of reported childhood sexual abuse (CSA) on reaction time for all emotional words and suicide-related words. Carriers of the rs211034 risk allele A exhibited shorter reaction times, but the protective effects of this allele were eliminated in those exposed to reported CSA.Conclusion: Only limited results were found regarding effects of a past suicide attempt on response times to emotional and suicide-related words, but there was an overall effect of major depression on slower response time. Protective genetic effects of the rs211034 A allele on this slowing were eliminated in those with a history of sexual abuse during childhood. Further research is needed to better characterize the mechanisms underlying the effects of childhood trauma on these genetic effects.

“It’s Not a Great Boulder, It’s Just a Piece of Baggage”: Older Women’s Reflections on Healing from Childhood Sexual Abuse

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091627
Author(s):  
Katie Graham ◽  
Tess Patterson ◽  
Tonya Justice ◽  
Charlene Rapsey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
To Come ◽  
Negative Feelings

In this study, we explored older women’s reflections on processes of healing related to childhood sexual abuse (CSA). We aimed to answer questions about how childhood trauma was integrated into the life story and to identify factors or coping strategies that aided, or hindered, healing. Participants within this study included 12 women who were aged 60 or older and had reported CSA as adults at the beginning of the research project, 25 years prior. Qualitative interviews were conducted exploring women’s reflections on the place of CSA in their lives over time and factors the participants thought were helpful or unhelpful in being able to come to terms with the abuse. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which resulted in three themes related to processes of healing. The themes identified were need for resolution, thinking about it differently, and developing agency over disclosure. The findings show that some form of resolution was needed for the women to recover and move on from their experiences of CSA. The two key strategies used to reach this resolution were reframing their experience or drawing upon positive life philosophies. Decisions around disclosure were also an important part of the healing process, with the women developing an agency over if, and how, they talked to people about their experience. Those women who were not able to make sense of their experience continued to be influenced by the negative feelings and memories associated with the experience. Our findings have implications for health professionals working with those who have experienced trauma. They demonstrate that there are a number of ways that people heal from trauma and find personal resolution across their lifespan.

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