Does early-life stress affect the brain in old age?

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
The Brain

Long-term effects of early life stress on the brain monoamines level in the rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
R. Ghalamghash ◽  
H.Z. Mammedov ◽  
H. Ashayeri ◽  
A. Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain Monoamines ◽  
The Brain

Abstract 17: Early Life Stress Sensitizes The Angiotensin II-elicited Hypertensive Response

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojian Xue ◽  
Terry Beltz ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
David M Pollock ◽  
Jennifer S Pollock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cns Inflammation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Brain

Separation of neonatal rodent pups from their mothers has been used as a model to study the effects of early life stress (ELS) on behavioral and physiological responses in adults. Using an Induction-Delay-Expression experimental paradigm, our previous studies demonstrate that a wide range of stressors administered during an induction period produces hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS) in response to a subsequent pro-hypertensive stimulus. HTRS is accompanied by activation of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and CNS inflammation. The present study investigated whether ELS induces HTRS and changes in brain-related underlying mechanisms. Rat neonates from Sprague-Dawley breeders were subjected to ELS by separating them each morning from their mothers for 3 h on postnatal days 2 to 14. Pups from non-handled litters formed control groups. At 10 weeks of age, male rats were used to evaluate blood pressure and autonomic function using telemetric probes and pharmacological methods. In addition, in separate control and ELS groups, the lamina terminalis (LT) structures and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were analyzed for mRNA expression of RAS components and proinflammatory cytokines. Adult ELS rats as compared to non-separated controls exhibited 1) HTRS during expression testing using 2 week ANG II infusions (120 ng/kg/min s.c.; ELS animals, Δ45.5±4.5 mmHg vs. controls, Δ22.4±3.1 mmHg); 2) a greater reduction in mean arterial pressure following ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium, 30 mg/kg, ip), 3) increased sympathetic drive to the heart (atenolol, 8 mg/kg, ip), 4) decreased vagal tone (atropine, 8 mg/kg, ip), and 5) increased mRNA expression of several components of the brain RAS and proinflammatory cytokines in the LT and PVN. These results suggest that maternal ELS may predispose individuals to hypertension that is mediated by upregulation of the brain RAS and proinflammatory cytokines and increased sympathetic drive to the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Effects of Early-Life Stress on the Brain and Behaviors: Implications of Early Maternal Separation in Rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7212
Author(s):  
Mayumi Nishi
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Emotional Behavior ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
The Brain

Early-life stress during the prenatal and postnatal periods affects the formation of neural networks that influence brain function throughout life. Previous studies have indicated that maternal separation (MS), a typical rodent model equivalent to early-life stress and, more specifically, to child abuse and/or neglect in humans, can modulate the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, affecting subsequent neuronal function and emotional behavior. However, the neural basis of the long-lasting effects of early-life stress on brain function has not been clarified. In the present review, we describe the alterations in the HPA-axis activity—focusing on serum corticosterone (CORT)—and in the end products of the HPA axis as well as on the CORT receptor in rodents. We then introduce the brain regions activated during various patterns of MS, including repeated MS and single exposure to MS at various stages before weaning, via an investigation of c-Fos expression, which is a biological marker of neuronal activity. Furthermore, we discuss the alterations in behavior and gene expression in the brains of adult mice exposed to MS. Finally, we ask whether MS repeats itself and whether intergenerational transmission of child abuse and neglect is possible.

scholarly journals Lasting Differential Effects on Plasticity Induced by Prenatal Stress in Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayane Grigoryan ◽  
Menahem Segal
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Stressful Stimulation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Structure And Functions

Early life adversaries have a profound impact on the developing brain structure and functions that persist long after the original traumatic experience has vanished. One of the extensively studied brain structures in relation to early life stress has been the hippocampus because of its unique association with cognitive processes of the brain. While the entire hippocampus shares the same intrinsic organization, it assumes different functions in its dorsal and ventral sectors (DH and VH, resp.), based on different connectivity with other brain structures. In the present review, we summarize the differences between DH and VH and discuss functional and structural effects of prenatal stress in the two sectors, with the realization that much is yet to be explored in understanding the opposite reactivity of the DH and VH to stressful stimulation.

scholarly journals Traumatic Injury to the Developing Brain: Emerging Relationship to Early Life Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaila N. Parker ◽  
Michael H. Donovan ◽  
Kylee Smith ◽  
Linda J. Noble-Haeusslein
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
The Brain

Despite the high incidence of brain injuries in children, we have yet to fully understand the unique vulnerability of a young brain to an injury and key determinants of long-term recovery. Here we consider how early life stress may influence recovery after an early age brain injury. Studies of early life stress alone reveal persistent structural and functional impairments at adulthood. We consider the interacting pathologies imposed by early life stress and subsequent brain injuries during early brain development as well as at adulthood. This review outlines how early life stress primes the immune cells of the brain and periphery to elicit a heightened response to injury. While the focus of this review is on early age traumatic brain injuries, there is also a consideration of preclinical models of neonatal hypoxia and stroke, as each further speaks to the vulnerability of the brain and reinforces those characteristics that are common across each of these injuries. Lastly, we identify a common mechanistic trend; namely, early life stress worsens outcomes independent of its temporal proximity to a brain injury.

scholarly journals The Effects of Early Life Stress on the Brain and Behaviour: Insights From Zebrafish Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Eachus ◽  
Min-Kyeung Choi ◽  
Soojin Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Behavioural Changes ◽  
The Brain

The early life period represents a window of increased vulnerability to stress, during which exposure can lead to long-lasting effects on brain structure and function. This stress-induced developmental programming may contribute to the behavioural changes observed in mental illness. In recent decades, rodent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of how early life stress (ELS) affects brain development and behaviour. These studies reveal that ELS has long-term consequences on the brain such as impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, altering learning and memory. Despite such advances, several key questions remain inadequately answered, including a comprehensive overview of brain regions and molecular pathways that are altered by ELS and how ELS-induced molecular changes ultimately lead to behavioural changes in adulthood. The zebrafish represents a novel ELS model, with the potential to contribute to answering some of these questions. The zebrafish offers some important advantages such as the ability to non-invasively modulate stress hormone levels in a whole animal and to visualise whole brain activity in freely behaving animals. This review discusses the current status of the zebrafish ELS field and its potential as a new ELS model.

Early Life Stress: Consequences for the Development of the Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Malinovskaya ◽  
A. V. Morgun ◽  
O. L. Lopatina ◽  
Yu. A. Panina ◽  
V. V. Volkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Exposure to different early-life stress experiences results in differentially altered DNA methylation in the brain and immune system

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100249
Author(s):  
Clarissa Catale ◽  
Silvia Bussone ◽  
Luisa Lo Iacono ◽  
Maria Teresa Viscomi ◽  
Daniela Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
The Brain

Electrophysiological insights into the enduring effects of early life stress on the brain

2010 ◽  
Vol 214 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrish Ali ◽  
Michael R. Salzberg ◽  
Chris French ◽  
Nigel C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
The Brain
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document