Mapping biases to the components of rationalistic and naturalistic decision making

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Rehak ◽  
Barb Adams ◽  
Micheline Belanger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making

Exploring the Differences in Macrocognition Between Experts and Non-CHD Experts Managing Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-339
Author(s):  
Azadeh Assadi ◽  
Peter C. Laussen ◽  
Patricia Trbovich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Acute Management ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
The Face

Background and aims: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at risk of deterioration in the face of common childhood illnesses, and their resuscitation and acute management is often best achieved with the guidance of CHD experts. Access to such expertise may be limited outside specialty heart centers and the fragility of these patients is cause for discomfort among many emergency medicine physicians. An understanding of the differences in macrocognition of these clinicians could shed light on some of the causes of discomfort and facilitate the development of a sociotechnological solution to this problem. Methods: Cardiac intensivists (CHD experts) and pediatric emergency medicine physicians (non-CHD experts) in a major academic cardiac center were interviewed using the critical decision method. Interview transcripts were coded deductively based on Klein’s macrocognitive framework and inductively to allow for new or modified characterization of dimensions. Results: While both CHD-experts and non-CHD experts relied on the macrocognitive functions of sensemaking, naturalistic decision making and detecting problems, the specific data and mental models used to understand the patients and course of therapy differed between CHD-experts and non-CHD experts. Conclusion: Characterization of differences between the macrocognitive processes of CHD experts and non-CHD experts can inform development of sociotechnological solutions to augment decision making pertaining to the acute management of pediatric CHD patients.

Naturalistic Decision Making in High Performance Team Sport Coaching

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Harvey ◽  
John William Baird Lyle ◽  
Bob Muir
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Stimulated Recall ◽  
Suitable Framework ◽  
And Training

A defining element of coaching expertise is characterised by the coach’s ability to make decisions. Recent literature has explored the potential of Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) as a useful framework for research into coaches’ in situ decision making behaviour. The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether the NDM paradigm offered a valid mechanism for exploring three high performance coaches’ decision-making behaviour in competition and training settings. The approach comprised three phases: 1) existing literature was synthesised to develop a conceptual framework of decision-making cues to guide and shape the exploration of empirical data; 2) data were generated from stimulated recall procedures to populate the framework; 3) existing theory was combined with empirical evidence to generate a set of concepts that offer explanations for the coaches’ decision-making behaviour. Findings revealed that NDM offered a suitable framework to apply to coaches’ decision-making behaviour. This behaviour was guided by the emergence of a slow, interactive script that evolves through a process of pattern recognition and/or problem framing. This revealed ‘key attractors’ that formed the initial catalyst and the potential necessity for the coach to make a decision through the breaching of a ‘threshold’. These were the critical factors for coaches’ interventions.

Naturalistic Decision-Making in Emergency Medical Services

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Michael A. Rosen ◽  
Ian Coffman ◽  
Aaron Dietz ◽  
P. Daniel Patterson ◽  
Julius Cuong-Pham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Medical

scholarly journals Should I stay or should I go? Evidence accumulation drives decision making in human drivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkady Zgonnikov ◽  
David Abbink ◽  
Gustav Markkula
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Constraints ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Out Of Sample

Laboratory studies of abstract, highly controlled tasks point towards noisy evidence accumulation as a key mechanism governing decision making. Yet it is unclear whether the cognitive processes implicated in simple, isolated decisions in the lab are as paramount to decisions that are ingrained in more complex behaviors, such as driving. Here we aim to address the gap between modern cognitive models of decision making and studies of naturalistic decision making in drivers, which so far have provided only limited insight into the underlying cognitive processes. We investigate drivers' decision making during unprotected left turns, and model the cognitive process driving these decisions. Our model builds on the classical drift-diffusion model, and emphasizes, first, the drift rate linked to the relevant perceptual quantities dynamically sampled from the environment, and, second, collapsing decision boundaries reflecting the dynamic constraints imposed on the decision maker’s response by the environment. We show that the model explains the observed decision outcomes and response times, as well as substantial individual differences in those. Through cross-validation, we demonstrate that the model not only explains the data, but also generalizes to out-of-sample conditions, effectively providing a way to predict human drivers’ behavior in real time. Our results reveal the cognitive mechanisms of gap acceptance decisions in human drivers, and exemplify how simple cognitive process models can help us to understand human behavior in complex real-world tasks.

scholarly journals Investigate Naturalistic Decision Making of Football Players to Design Virtual Environment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Bossard ◽  
Gilles Kermarrec ◽  
Romain Benard ◽  
Pierre De Loor ◽  
Jacques Tisseau
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making

scholarly journals Crisis decision-making: the overlap between intuitive and analytical strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Okoli ◽  
John Watt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Filtering ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Naturalistic Decision Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Naturalistic Environment ◽  
Almost All

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on the naturalistic decision making and cognitive science literature to examine how experienced crisis managers utilize the intuitive and analytical strategies when managing complex incidents. A cognitive model that describes the interplay between strategies is presented and discussed, and the specific role that intuition plays in analytical decision making is addressed. Design/methodology/approach Designed as a conceptual paper, the extant literature is reviewed to advance discussions on the theme of intuitive and analytical decision making in the naturalistic environment. A new model of expert intuition – the information filtering and intuitive decision model – is presented and evaluated against existing cognitive models from the wider literature. Findings The paper suggests that experts’ ability to make intuitive decisions is strongly hinged on their information processing skills that allow irrelevant cues to be sifted out while the relevant cues are retained. The paper further revealed that experts generally employ the intuitive mode as their default strategy, drawing on the analytical mode only as conditions warrant. Originality/value Prior research has shown that experts often make important task decisions using intuitive or analytical strategies or by combining both, but the sequence these should typically follow is still unresolved. Findings from the intuition model reveal that although intuition often precedes analytical thinking in almost all cases, both strategies exist to offer significant values to decision makers if the basis of their application is well understood.

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