Movement control phases of upper body coordination in visually guided reach movements

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Yuan Yu ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Movement Control ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Reach Movements

Differences in spectral profiles between rostral and caudal premotor cortex when hand-eye actions are decoupled

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 952-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia F. Sayegh ◽  
Kara M. Hawkins ◽  
Kari L. Hoffman ◽  
Lauren E. Sergio
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Spectral Profiles

The aim of this research was to understand how the brain controls voluntary movement when not directly interacting with the object of interest. In the present study, we examined the role of premotor cortex in this behavior. The goal of this study was to characterize the oscillatory activity within the caudal and rostral subdivisions of dorsal premotor cortex (PMdc and PMdr) with a change from the most basic reaching movement to one that involves a simple dissociation between the actions of the eyes and hand. We were specifically interested in how PMdr and PMdc respond when the eyes and hand are decoupled by moving along different spatial planes. We recorded single-unit activity and local field potentials within PMdr and PMdc from two rhesus macaques during performance of two types of visually guided reaches. During the standard condition, a visually guided reach was performed whereby the visual stimulus guiding the movement was the target of the reach itself. During the nonstandard condition, the visual stimulus provided information about the direction of the required movement but was not the target of the motor output. We observed distinct task-related and topographical differences between PMdr and PMdc. Our results support functional differences between PMdr and PMdc during visually guided reaching. PMdr activity appears more involved in integrating the rule-based aspects of a visually guided reach, whereas PMdc is more involved in the online updating of the decoupled reach. More broadly, our results highlight the necessity of accounting for the nonstandard nature of a motor task when interpreting movement control research data.

Biodynamic Characteristics of Upper Limb Reaching Movements of the Seated Human Under Whole-Body Vibration

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heon-Jeong Kim ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vibration Transmission ◽  
Body Vibration ◽  
Body Segments ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Reach Movements

Simulation of human movements is an essential component for proactive ergonomic analysis and biomechanical model development (Chaffin, 2001). Most studies on reach kinematics have described human movements in a static environment, however the models derived from these studies cannot be applied to the analysis of human reach movements in vibratory environments such as in-vehicle operations. This study analyzes three-dimensional joint kinematics of the upper extremity in reach movements performed in static and specific vibratory conditions and investigates vibration transmission to shoulder, elbow, and hand along the body path during pointing tasks. Thirteen seated subjects performed reach movements to five target directions distributed in their right hemisphere. The results show similarities in the characteristics of movement patterns and reach trajectories of upper body segments for static and dynamic environments. In addition, vibration transmission through upper body segments is affected by vibration frequency, direction, and location of the target to be reached. Similarities in the pattern of movement trajectories revealed by filtering vibration-induced oscillations indicate that coordination strategy may not be drastically different in static and vibratory environments. This finding may facilitate the development of active biodynamic models to predict human performance and behavior under whole body vibration exposure.

Upper Body Coordination in Reach Movements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-Yuan Yu ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Upper Body ◽  
Reach Movements

Head movement control in visually guided tasks: Postural goal and optimality

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1009-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Han Kim ◽  
R. Brent Gillespie ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Head Movement ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Visually Guided

Two Strategies for Learning a Visually Guided Motor Task

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Day ◽  
C. D. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Tracking Tasks ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Target Move ◽  
Mean Reaction Time

The principal question asked is whether in a visually-guided motor task, a subject tracking a known target employs a different strategy of movement to that used when tracking an unknown target. 22 subjects performed a series of 150 visual tracking tasks each 5 sec. long. The target-move-ment patterns used for the first 50 trials were all different, but for the remaining 100 trials they were identical. Subjects, however, were not informed of the repetition until the final 50 trials. When the task was made repetitive, even though the subjects were unaware of the repetition, learning occurred as evidenced by a progressive reduction in tracking error, although tracking lag remained above the mean reaction-time. Once subjects were aware of the repetition, tracking lags often reached zero or even negative values and tracking error dropped even further. It is argued that the former learning is confined to subconscious improvement in the intermittent response to visual inspection of tracking error, whereas the latter is achieved by adopting a truly predictive mode of tracking. Further experiments were devised to evaluate the role of visual information in movement control when using the predictive strategy. The main finding was that even when moving predictively, visual information was used to regulate motor output, largely to modify the timing of the predictive response to synchronize with the stimulus.

Movement Control Phases of Upper Body Coordination in Visually Guided Reach Movements

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 834-838
Author(s):  
Shin-Yuan Yu ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Time To Peak

Coordination of human movement includes temporal and spatial aspects. Under the assumption that the implicit movement sequence of body segments may be associated with visual feedback information, the activation timing, time to peak velocity of the hand and sequencing of joint movements were investigated in this study. The results show that variations in movement time with target azimuth and distance fit a quadratic regression model. In addition, the time to peak velocity reveals a movement scaling property in the context of self-imposed movement speed. Finally, the sequencing of joint movement also varies with target azimuth and distance. These motor behavior properties and movement characteristics can be used to model human reach movement in a dynamic manner and to estimate task durations.

scholarly journals Increased Dependence on Visual Information for Movement Control in Patients with Parkinson's disease

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Cooke ◽  
J.D. Brown ◽  
V.B. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Movement Amplitude ◽  
The Subject

SUMMARY:Studies were made of visually and nonrvisitally guided movements by patients with Parkinson's disease. The subjects moved a light, horizontal handle using rotation primarily about the elbow. During visually guided trials both handle and target positions were displayed to the subject; during non-visually guided trials only the handle position was displayed. During non-visually guided trials all patients showed a tendency for an overall flexion drift, although there was no change in average movement amplitude. The overall error in position by the end of the non-visually guided trials was greatly in excess of the reported values for passive displacement thresholds in normal subjects. It is suggested that the data indicate an increased dependence on visual information for control of motor activity in Parkinson's patients.

scholarly journals Multilevel Upper Body Movement Control during Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e0151792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Summa ◽  
Giuseppe Vannozzi ◽  
Elena Bergamini ◽  
Marco Iosa ◽  
Daniela Morelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy

Permeability of the microcirculation in area postrema of rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
Shams M. Ghoneim ◽  
Frank M. Faraci ◽  
Gary L. Baumbach
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adjacent Brain

The area postrema is a circumventricular organ in the brain stem and is one of the regions in the brain that lacks a fully functional blood-brain barrier. Recently, we found that disruption of the microcirculation during acute hypertension is greater in area postrema than in the adjacent brain stem. In contrast, hyperosmolar disruption of the microcirculation is greater in brain stem. The objective of this study was to compare ultrastructural characteristics of the microcirculation in area postrema and adjacent brain stem.We studied 5 Sprague-Dawley rats. Horseradish peroxidase was injected intravenously and allowed to circulate for 1, 5 or 15 minutes. Following perfusion of the upper body with 2.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate, the brain stem was removed, embedded in agar, and chopped into 50-70 μm sections with a TC-Sorvall tissue chopper. Sections of brain stem were incubated for 1 hour in a solution of 3,3' diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (0.05%) in 0.05M Tris buffer with 1% H2O2.

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