The impact of trait displaced aggression on violent crime

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Jeremy Roberts ◽  
William C. Pedersen ◽  
Dennis G. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Displaced Aggression ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A call for comparative thinking: Crime, citizenship and security in the global South

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Barolsky ◽  
Suren Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
The World ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
International Comparative ◽  
The Impact

This article argues for the importance of an international comparative perspective in terms of our analysis and response to violent crime. This is particularly important in the light of the fact that while an increasing number of countries in the global Southhave achieved formal democracy, they continue to be plagued by high levels of violent crime. In fact, transitions from authoritarian to democratic governance around the world, from Eastern Europe to Latin America and Africa, have been accompanied by escalating violent crime rates. In this context, we have much to learn from an international comparative approach in terms of understanding why democratic transitions are so often accompanied by increases in violence, what the impact of this violence is on the ability of these societies to deepen democracy, and what the most appropriate interventions are in relatively new and often resource poor democracies.

scholarly journals The Impact of Green Space on Violent Crime in Urban Environments: An Evidence Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mardelle Shepley ◽  
Naomi Sachs ◽  
Hessam Sadatsafavi ◽  
Christine Fournier ◽  
Kati Peditto
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
The Impact

Can the presence of green space in urban environments reduce the frequency of violent crime? To ascertain the evidence on this topic, we conducted an in-depth literature review using the PRISMA checklist. The search parameters included US articles written in English and published since 2000. More than 30,000 potential paper titles were identified and ultimately, 45 papers were selected for inclusion. Green spaces typically comprised tree cover, parks and ground cover. Criminal behaviors typically included murder, assault, and theft. The majority of the research reviewed involved quantitative methods (e.g., comparison of green space area to crime data). We extracted multiple mechanisms from the literature that may account for the impact of green space on crime including social interaction and recreation, community perception, biophilic stress reduction, climate modulation, and spaces expressing territorial definition. Recommendations are made for future research, such as meta-analysis of existing data and the development of grounded theory through qualitative data-gathering methods. By providing evidence that access to nature has a mitigating impact on violence in urban settings, city governments and communities are empowered to support these interventions.

The Relationship Between Distress and Resource Loss Following Rape

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannine Monnier ◽  
Heidi S. Resnick ◽  
Dean G. Kilpatrick ◽  
Brenda Seals
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Resource Loss ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present study examined the impact of resource loss on violent crime victims. Participants were 57 women who were recent victims of rape. Zero-order and point-biserial correlations and multiple hierarchical regression results indicated that psychological distress was followed by increased resource loss for rape victims. These results suggest that distress may be an underlying mechanism for resource loss in victims of sexual assault.

scholarly journals Alone on the Inside: The Impact of Social Isolation and Helping Others on AOD Use and Criminal Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byron R. Johnson ◽  
Maria E. Pagano ◽  
Matthew T. Lee ◽  
Stephen G. Post
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Alcoholics Anonymous ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Because addiction is a socially isolating disease, social support for recovery is an important element of treatment planning. This study examines the relationship between social isolation, giving and receiving social support in Alcoholics Anonymous during treatment, and post-treatment outcomes among juvenile offenders court-referred to addiction treatment. Adolescents ( N = 195) aged 14 to 18 years were prospectively assessed at treatment admission, treatment discharge, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment discharge. The influence of social isolation variables on relapse and severe criminal activity in the 12-months post-treatment was examined using negative binomial logistic regressions and event history methods. Juveniles entering treatment with social estrangement were significantly more likely to relapse, be incarcerated, and commit a violent crime in the 12-months post-treatment. Giving help to others in Alcoholics Anonymous during treatment significantly reduced the risk of relapse, incarceration, and violent crime in the 12-months post-treatment whereas receiving help did not.

The Impact of Drug Enforcement on Crime: An Investigation of the Opportunity Cost of Police Resources

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce L. Benson ◽  
Ian Sebastian Leburn ◽  
David W. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Drug Laws ◽  
Drug Enforcement ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Impact

The conventional wisdom among the law enforcement community is that drug use causes crime and that stringent enforcement of drug laws is an effective tool to combat property and violent crime. Previous research by some of these authors found that a sharp increase in drug enforcement in Florida during 1984–1989 resulted in a reallocation of police resources which reduced the effectiveness of property crime enforcement and increased the property crime rate. Some have suspected that this result is the product of the very large increase in drug enforcement during this time period and that under “normal” circumstances greater drug enforcement would not result in higher property crime. This paper rebuts that suspicion.

Counting Guns

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-708
Author(s):  
Gordon Wood ◽  
Robert Churchill ◽  
Edward Cook ◽  
James Lindgren ◽  
Wilbur Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
Real Income ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Gun Laws ◽  
The Impact

At the fall 2001 Social Science History Association convention in Chicago, the Crime and Justice network sponsored a forum on the history of gun ownership, gun use, and gun violence in the United States. Our purpose was to consider how social science historians might contribute nowand in the future to the public debate over gun control and gun rights. To date, we have had little impact on that debate. It has been dominated by mainstream social scientists and historians, especially scholars such as Gary Kleck, John Lott, and Michael Bellesiles, whose work, despite profound flaws, is politically congenial to either opponents or proponents of gun control. Kleck and Mark Gertz (1995), for instance, argue on the basis of their widely cited survey that gun owners prevent numerous crimes each year in theUnited States by using firearms to defend themselves and their property. If their survey respondents are to be believed, American gun owners shot 100,000 criminals in 1994 in selfdefense–a preposterous number (Cook and Ludwig 1996: 57–58; Cook and Moore 1999: 280–81). Lott (2000) claims on the basis of his statistical analysis of recent crime rates that laws allowing private individuals to carry concealed firearms deter murders, rapes, and robberies, because criminals are afraid to attack potentially armed victims. However, he biases his results by confining his analysis to the years between 1977 and 1992, when violent crime rates had peaked and varied little from year to year (ibid.: 44–45). He reports only regression models that support his thesis and neglects to mention that each of those models finds a positive relationship between violent crime and real income, and an inverse relationship between violent crime and unemployment (ibid.: 52–53)–implausible relationships that suggest the presence of multicollinearity, measurement error, or misspecification. Lott then misrepresents his results by claiming falsely that statistical methods can distinguish in a quasi-experimental way the impact of gun laws from the impact of other social, economic, and cultural forces (ibid.: 26, 34–35; Guterl 1996). Had Lott extended his study to the 1930s, the correlation between gun laws and declining homicide rates that dominates his statistical analysis would have disappeared. An unbiased study would include some consideration of alternative explanations and an acknowledgment of the explanatory limits of statistical methods.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE IMPACT: Mandatory and minimum sentences in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Sloth-Nielsen ◽  
Louise Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The legislation passed in 1997 that provides for mandatory minimum sentences for serious crimes was recently extended for another two years. At the time, the aim was to reduce serious and violent crime, achieve consistency in sentencing, and satisfy the public that sentences were sufficiently severe. This article argues that the legislation has achieved little or no significant impact with regard to these goals. Instead, many agree that the provisions have exacerbated the problem of overcrowding in South African prisons.

The effect of community-oriented policing on police use of force: does community matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly Miranda McCarthy ◽  
Louise E. Porter ◽  
Michael Townsley ◽  
Geoffrey P. Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Multilevel Modelling ◽  
Community Consultation ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Community Oriented Policing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether community-oriented policing (COP) influences rates of police use of force across communities, and whether the impact of COP varies according to the level of violent crime in communities. Design/methodology/approach A range of data sources including police use of force reports, online surveys of Officers-in-Charge and recorded crime data was used to examine the association between formal and informal community consultation and the frequency of police use of force, across 64 socially challenged communities in Australia. Findings Poisson multilevel modelling indicated no overall association between informal or formal community engagement and rates of police use of force. However, significant interaction terms for both informal and formal community consultation with violent crime rates indicated that higher levels of informal and formal community consultation were associated with lower rates of police use of force in communities with higher levels of violent crime. This relationship was not evident in low violent crime areas. Research limitations/implications Communities were purposively sampled to have a high propensity for police use of force, on the basis that they had high rates of violent crime, or high levels of socio-economic disadvantage, or both. This research should be replicated with a representative sample of communities. Practical implications The findings extend the potential benefits of COP to reducing the use of coercive policing tactics in high violent crime communities. Originality/value This study finds that COP can reduce the frequency of violent encounters between police and community members in high violent crime communities.

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