Impact of auditory and visual distractors upon manual assembly task learning among older workers with different levels of spatial reasoning and field dependence

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Wiker ◽  
Diana Schwerha ◽  
Majid Jaraiedi
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Manual Assembly ◽  
Assembly Task ◽  
Task Learning ◽  
Visual Distractors ◽  
Different Levels

The Effects of Training on Field Dependence/Independence and the Educational Implications for the Pre-school

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Visual Ability ◽  
Educational Implications ◽  
Independence Dimension ◽  
Testing Instruments ◽  
Widespread Interest ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper attention has been called to the debate on whether field dependence/independence displays two distinctive cognitive styles on different levels of spatial-visual ability. The effectiveness of testing instruments for young children is questioned for they may not measure the same dimensions as the instruments used for older children and adults. The field dependence/independence dimension has generated widespread interest and stimulated much research into the effects of training on the construct. A condensed review of the literature is presented. From this basis, the gaps in the literature are discussed. The educational implications are discussed with a warning that all training programs should be monitored carefully.

scholarly journals Work incentives in the Social Security Disability benefit formula

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOPI SHAH GODA ◽  
JOHN B. SHOVEN ◽  
SITA NATARAJ SLAVOV
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Extensive Margin ◽  
Disability Benefit ◽  
Payroll Tax ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Disability ◽  
Work Disincentives ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractWe examine the connection between taxes paid and benefits accrued under the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program on both the intensive and extensive margins. We perform these calculations for stylized workers given the existing benefit structure and disability hazard rates. On the intensive margin, we examine the effect of an additional dollar of earnings on the marginal payroll taxes contributed and future benefits earned. We find that the present discounted value of disability benefits received from an additional dollar of earnings, net of the SSDI payroll tax, generally declines with age, becoming negative around age 40 and reaching almost zero at age 63. On the extensive margin, we determine the effect of working an additional year on the additional payroll taxes and future benefits as a percentage of income. The return to working an additional year at an income level just large enough to earn Social Security credits for the year is large and positive through age 60. However, the return to working an additional full year is substantially smaller and becomes negative at approximately age 57. Thus, older workers face strong incentives to earn enough to obtain creditable coverage through age 60, but they face disincentives for additional earnings. In addition, workers aged 61 and older face work disincentives at any level of earnings. We repeat this analysis for stylized workers at different levels of earnings and find that, while the program transfers resources from high earners to low earners, the workers experience similar patterns in the returns to working.

Age as a Factor in Combined Manual and Decision Tasks

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev S. Kochhar ◽  
Hatem M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Different Levels

A study was conducted to investigate the variation in speed of performance and decision making ability with age. The task performed involved decision making, hand movement, and positioning elements. The effects of age on decision and movement time were examined when information load, distance of move, and radial clearance (target width) were varied. In addition, heart rate was also monitored. Significant differences were detected in both decision and movement time for different levels of information load, distance of move, and radial clearance between the older (52 to 63 years) and younger (18 to 29 years) groups of subjects. Decision time differences between the two groups increased at higher levels of information load. The relationship between movement time and index of difficulty suggested that the older worker tends to exhibit a “start-up” lag in exercising movement control. Performance errors indicated that the slowing among the older workers was not observed at the expense of accuracy. The study provided no evidence that age has an effect on heart rate variability under different levels of information load and task difficulty.

A PDL APPROACH FOR QUALITATIVE VELOCITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BURRIEZA ◽  
E. MUÑOZ-VELASCO ◽  
M. OJEDA-ACIEGO
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Axiom System ◽  
Qualitative Reasoning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

We introduce the syntax, semantics, and an axiom system for a PDL-based extension of the logic for order of magnitude qualitative reasoning, developed in order to deal with the concept of qualitative velocity, which together with qualitative distance and orientation, are important notions in order to represent spatial reasoning for moving objects, such as robots. The main advantages of using a PDL-based approach are, on the one hand, all the well-known advantages of using logic in AI, and, on the other hand, the possibility of constructing complex relations from simpler ones, the flexibility for using different levels of granularity, its possible extension by adding other spatial components, and the use of a language close to programming languages.

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