A brief history of normative models of human behavior

The review considers the first attempt in the history of Russian economic thought to give a detailed analysis of informal institutions (IF). It recognizes that in general it was successful: the reader gets acquainted with the original classification of institutions (including informal ones) and their genesis. According to the reviewer the best achievement of the author is his interdisciplinary approach to the study of problems and, moreover, his bias on the achievements of social psychology because the model of human behavior in the economic mainstream is rather primitive. The book makes evident that namely this model limits the ability of economists to analyze IF. The reviewer also shares the author’s position that in the analysis of the IF genesis the economists should highlight the uncertainty and reject economic determinism. Further discussion of IF is hardly possible without referring to this book.

Download Full-text

FILSAFAT SEJARAH HAMKA: Refleksi Islam dalam Perjalanan Sejarah

Jurnal THEOLOGIA ◽

10.21580/teo.2017.28.2.1877 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 255

Author(s):

Fabian Fadhly Jambak

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Historical Event ◽

13Th Century ◽

History Of

<div class="Section1">Abstract: Understanding of the historiography of HAMKA cannot be separated from the understanding of the three elements that underlies his historical philosophy of the history of Muslims of the 13th century AD. The three elements that form the basis of the historical philosophy of HAMKA are tawheed (tawḥīd), moral (akhlāq) and intelligence (‘aql). This paper intends to reveal the historical philosophy of HAMKA and its underlying elements. The method used in this paper is a normative method with an analytical approach. Normative is used to describe and narrate the views of the historical philosophy of HAMKA, which is influenced by various views of his life reflected through his literature (sastra), tafsir, and history (historiography). Analytical is used to provide views or responses related to the points of thought within the scope of historical philosophy. This study finds that Historical Philosophy of HAMKA affirms that tawheed, moral, and intelligence are inseparable part of seeing an event which became known as history. Tawheed is shown by the human resignation as God's creature that the events that happen to him are the proper circumstances. Intelligence shows the character of man as a being who can contemplate every event that occurs in his life. Moral leads man to understand that an event is not only determined by the side of Tawheed and Intelligence, but also by the Morals who have a function to regulate human behavior how it should behave in every historical event, with the intention to acquire ibrah (lesson).Abstrak: Pemahaman terhadap historiografi HAMKA tidak dapat dilepaskan dari pemahaman tiga unsur yang mendasari filsafat sejarahnya tentang sejarah umat Islam abad 13-20 Masehi. Tiga unsur yang menjadi dasar filsafat sejarah HAMKA yaitu tauhid, akhlak dan akal. Tulisan ini bermaksud untuk mengungkap filsafat sejarah HAMKA beserta unsur-unsur yang mendasarinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah metode normatif dengan pendekatan analitis. Normatif digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran dan menarasikan pandangan-pandangan filsafat sejarah HAMKA, yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai macam pandangan hidupnya yang tercermin melalui karya satra, tafsir dan sejarahnya (historiografi). Analitis digunakan untuk memberikan pandangan atau tanggapan terkait pokok-pokok pikirannya dalam ruang lingkup filsafat sejarah. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa filsafat sejarah HAMKA meneguhkan bahwa tauhid, akhlak, dan akal merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam melihat suatu peristiwa yang kemudian dikenal dengan sejarah. Tauhid ditunjukkan dengan keberserahan manusia sebagai makhluk Allah bahwa peristiwa yang terjadi kepadanya merupakan keadaan yang semestinya terjadi. Akal menunjukkan ciri manusia sebagai mahkluk yang dapat merenungi setiap peristiwa yang terjadi dalam kehidupannya. Akhlak mengarahkan manusia untuk memahami bahwa suatu peristiwa tidak hanya ditentukan oleh sisi Tauhid dan Akal, melainkan juga oleh Akhlak yang memiliki fungsi untuk mengatur perilaku manusia bagaimana seharusnya bersikap dalam setiap peristiwa sejarah, dengan maksud untuk memeperoleh ibrah (pelajaran).</div>

Download Full-text

Critical Family History and Cultural Evolution: A Call for Interdisciplinary Research to Determine What Works to Replace Anger with Compassion for Social Justice

Genealogy ◽

10.3390/genealogy4030085 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Pamela A. Sandoval

Keyword(s):

Social Justice ◽

Family History ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Cultural Evolution ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

Family Dysfunction ◽

Natural Sciences ◽

What Works ◽

History Of

I use critical family history to investigate: (a) my British/Scot ancestors who engaged in slavery and have a history of oppressive treatment of indigenous peoples, and (b) my Acadian and Mi’kmaq indigenous origins. My family’s conflicting history is embedded in historical hierarchies of conqueror and oppressed, as well as family dysfunction. From this history, I wonder how we can create greater positive change toward altruism and social justice? I provide literature based in cultural evolution that investigated the complex social and natural sciences that delineate our search to understand what is happening and what works to create more altruistic human behavior leading to greater social justice

Download Full-text

Ethnography in Qualitative Research: A Literature Review

International Journal of Education ◽

10.5296/ije.v10i3.13209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Nouf Nawar Mohsen Alotaibi

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Literature Review ◽

Human Behavior ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Ethical Considerations ◽

Social Events ◽

History Of ◽

Areas Of Interest

Qualitative data allows researchers an opportunity to explore areas of interest in a more in-depth manner, paying special attention to the cause, order, and purpose of behaviors and events. One method of qualitative data is ethnography. Ethnography lacks a singular definition but possesses several characteristics that are consistent across scholarly debates. Ethnography plays an important role in qualitative research, as it seeks to answer the reasoning behind many elements of human behavior and social events. This paper will explore the history of ethnography, the types of ethnography, the advantages, limitations, and ethical considerations of ethnography. Keywords: Ethnography, qualitative research, advantages, limitations, ethics, data.

Download Full-text

An Exploration of Deception Detection: Are Groups More Effective Than Individuals?

Communication Research ◽

10.1177/0093650215607627 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 1103-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Roger McHaney ◽

Joey F. George ◽

Manjul Gupta

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Deception Detection ◽

Performance Theory ◽

Prior History ◽

Online Video ◽

Time Interaction ◽

History Of ◽

Task Oriented ◽

Better Than

Deception is a pervasive problem often found in human behavior. This study investigates why past deception studies have found groups perform no better than individuals in detection using time-interaction-performance theory which suggests teams are not immediately effective. Only after establishing relational links is their potential reached. Established groups spend less time building relational links and instead focus on task-oriented activities more effectively. We sought to determine whether groups with prior history of interaction outperform individuals in deception detection. First, participants were randomly assigned to an individual or ad hoc group role. Later, additional preexisting work groups were recruited. Participants were instructed to identify deception in online video interviews. The experiment tested theoretical explanations regarding cohesion, interaction, and satisfaction as components of relational links and relationships to deception detection. Results indicated that groups which exhibited higher levels of relational links, that is, established groups, were more accurate in deception detection than ad hoc groups.

Download Full-text

Early Evolution and Forgotten Founders of Clinical Neuropsychology

The Oxford Handbook of History of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199765683.013.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

David E. Hartman

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Brain Function ◽

Present Form ◽

Early Evolution ◽

Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

Group Research ◽

History Of

The history of clinical neuropsychology and development of the profession into its present form depended on several lines of inquiry about human behavior, illness, and brain function. Clinical neuropsychology required apparatus to measure cognitive functions, group research to objectively measure and catalogue those functions across the normative spectrum, more sophisticated neurodiagnostic nosology, and an approach that integrated behavioral, psychological, medical, and statistical expertise. Many scientists and practitioners since the late 1880s participated and contributed to this endeavor. This chapter describes how several “forgotten” and better-remembered founders of neuropsychology were able to advance the development of this profession, and how their contributions fit into the ongoing science that became clinical neuropsychology.

Download Full-text

Human-Plant Mutualism and Niche Expression in the Paleoethnobotanical Record: A Middle Woodland Example

American Antiquity ◽

10.2307/281381 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 725-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gary D. Crites

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Secondary Succession ◽

Plant Ecology ◽

Middle Woodland ◽

Occupational History ◽

South Central ◽

History Of

Analysis of Middle Woodland paleoethnobotanical assemblages from south-central Tennessee yielded evidence of variation and change in human and plant niche expression. A coevolutionary framework for understanding the mutually effective relations between human behavior and plant ecology and genetics is applied in an effort to explain why the Middle Woodland paleoethnobotanical record is expressed as it is. Focus upon a limited suite of taxa associated with secondary succession, cultivation, and domestication make clear the need to understand the ecology and morphology of taxa being considered, as well as the occupational history of the sites in question.

Download Full-text

To the history of tolerance formation as an integral element of the modern way of life

KANT Social Sciences & Humanities ◽

10.24923/2305-8757.2021-5.9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 90-98

Author(s):

Madina Mehdieva

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Social Value ◽

Mutual Understanding ◽

Human Society ◽

Human Knowledge ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Rational Thinking ◽

History Of ◽

Integral Element ◽

Development Of Tolerance

Tolerance has been the most important moral characteristic and social value of a person since the inception of human society. Tolerance, which is defined as a spiritual phenomenon, manifests itself in various forms in all areas of life and determines the nature of communication in human behavior. Among them we can show everything, from the most primitive ancient forms of consciousness to forms of artistic and rational thinking. The essence of each of these forms of self-expression is mutual understanding, understanding and empathy. As human knowledge deepened, thoughts and ideas around this problem expanded. The history of the development of tolerance shows that today this moral and legal category is an integral part of the modern way of life.

Download Full-text

Czynności ludzkie jako obiektywny wymiar badań nauk humanistycznych. Analiza porównawcza koncepcji Kazimierza Twardowskiego i Floriana Znanieckiego

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych ◽

10.18290/rns20483-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12(48) (3) ◽

pp. 5-25

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Jabłoński

Keyword(s):

Human Behavior ◽

Human Activities ◽

Natural Sciences ◽

History Of Ideas ◽

Research Approach ◽

Natural Phenomena ◽

Cause And Effect ◽

History Of ◽

Scientific Treatment

The article is an analysis of the concept of human activities of two great Polish thinkers − Kazimierz Twardowski and Florian Znaniecki. The text is analytical and synthetic in nature, bordering on the history of ideas and methodology. The main problem of the article is to show what research approach in humanities results from the concept of human activities by Twardowski and Znaniecki. They present different ways of conceptualizing human activities, which complement each other logically and define complementary areas of description of human behavior. Twardowski strives to objectively describe human activities as logical and semiotic situations contained in human products. Such a perspective provides the basis for a scientific treatment of them, different from discovering hidden deterministic cause-and-effect relationships specific to natural phenomena. In Znanieckiʼs approach, activities are treated as a material of culture, i.e. an order of relations between all externalized human experiences. This is the basis of a humanistic understanding of human behavior that conforms to cause and effect thinking in the natural sciences.

Download Full-text