A brain-based adaptive automation system and situation awareness: The role of complacency potential

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Bailey ◽  
Mark W. Scerbo ◽  
Frederick G. Freeman ◽  
Peter J. Mikulka ◽  
Lorissa A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Adaptive Automation

A Brain-Based Adaptive Automation System and Situation Awareness: The Role of Complacency Potential

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1048-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan R. Bailey ◽  
Mark W. Scerbo ◽  
Frederick G. Freeman ◽  
Peter J. Mikulka ◽  
Lorissa A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Adaptive Automation

scholarly journals Adaptable (Not Adaptive) Automation: The Forefront of Human–Automation Teaming

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110374
Author(s):  
Gloria Calhoun
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Adaptive Automation ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Automation Level ◽  
Automated Support ◽  
Flexible Application

Objective Identify a critical research gap for the human factors community that has implications for successful human–automation teaming. Background There are a variety of approaches for applying automation in systems. Flexible application of automation such that its level and/or type changes during system operations has been shown to enhance human–automation system performance. Method This mini-review describes flexible automation in which the level of automated support varies across tasks during system operation, rather than remaining fixed. Two types distinguish the locus of authority to change automation level: adaptable automation (the human operator assigns how automation is applied) has been found to aid human’s situation awareness and provide more perceived control versus adaptive automation (the system assigns automation level) that may impose less workload and attentional demands by automatically adjusting levels in response to changes in one or more states of the human, task, environment, and so on. Results In contrast to vast investments in adaptive automation approaches, limited research has been devoted to adaptable automation. Experiments directly comparing adaptable and adaptive automation are particularly scant. These few studies show that adaptable automation was not only preferred over adaptive automation, but it also resulted in improved task performance and, notably, less perceived workload. Conclusion Systematic research examining adaptable automation is overdue, including hybrid approaches with adaptive automation. Specific recommendations for further research are provided. Application Adaptable automation together with effective human-factored interface designs to establish working agreements are key to enabling human–automation teaming in future complex systems.

A Comparison of Observer and Incumbent Ratings of Situation Awareness

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Matthews ◽  
Silas G. Martinez ◽  
Jarle Eid ◽  
Bjorn Helge Johnsen ◽  
Ole Christian Boe
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Behavioral Rating ◽  
Training Exercises

The Situation Awareness Behavioral Rating Scale (SABARS) utilizes ratings by expert observer/controllers (O/Cs) to evaluate situation awareness (SA) of infantry small unit leaders. Previous research (Matthews et al., 2004) showed SABARS to be predictive of a variety of performance measures. The current study explored the question of whether small unit leaders could use SABARS to accurately rate their own behavior as an index of their SA. To evaluate this question, 12 Norwegian Army and Navy Academy cadets participating in the role of squad leader during summer training exercises were given the SABARS to complete following an infantry mission. An experienced officer O/C observed the cadets though the execution of the mission and also provided SABARS ratings on the squad leader. Results indicated that “self-SABARS” evaluations did not correlate with SABARS completed by O/C's, and were not predictive of performance criteria. O/C-completed SABARS were, however, predictive of performance criteria thus replicating findings reported previously (Matthews et al., 2004). Implications for assessing SA in the field are discussed.

scholarly journals Initiators and Triggering Conditions for Adaptive Automation in Advanced Small Modular Reactors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya L. Le Blanc ◽  
Johanna H. Oxstrand
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Physiological Measurement ◽  
Adaptive Automation ◽  
Small Modular Reactors ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms

It is anticipated that Advanced Small Modular Reactors (AdvSMRs) will employ high degrees of automation. High levels of automation can enhance system performance, but often at the cost of reduced human performance. Automation can lead to human out-of the loop issues, unbalanced workload, complacency, and other problems if it is not designed properly. Researchers have proposed adaptive automation (defined as dynamic or flexible allocation of functions) as a way to get the benefits of higher levels of automation without the human performance costs. Adaptive automation has the potential to balance operator workload and enhance operator situation awareness by allocating functions to the operators in a way that is sensitive to overall workload and capabilities at the time of operation. However, there still a number of questions regarding how to effectively design adaptive automation to achieve that potential. One of those questions is related to how to initiate (or trigger) a shift in automation in order to provide maximal sensitivity to operator needs without introducing undesirable consequences (such as unpredictable mode changes). Several triggering mechanisms for shifts in adaptive automation have been proposed including: operator initiated, critical events, performance-based, physiological measurement, model-based, and hybrid methods. As part of a larger project to develop design guidance for human-automation collaboration in AdvSMRs, researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have investigated the effectiveness and applicability of each of these triggering mechanisms in the context of AdvSMR. Researchers reviewed the empirical literature on adaptive automation and assessed each triggering mechanism based on the human-system performance consequences of employing that mechanism. Researchers also assessed the practicality and feasibility of using the mechanism in the context of an AdvSMR control room. Results indicate that there are tradeoffs associated with each mechanism, but that some are more applicable to the AdvSMR domain than others. The two mechanisms that consistently improve performance in laboratory studies are operator initiated adaptive automation based on hierarchical task delegation and the Electroencephalogram (EEG)–based measure of engagement. Current EEG methods are intrusive and require intensive analysis; therefore it is not recommended for an AdvSMR control rooms at this time. Researchers also discuss limitations in the existing empirical literature and make recommendations for further research.

Designing an Adaptive Automation System for Human Supervision of Unmanned Vehicles: A Bridge from Theory to Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewart J. de Visser ◽  
Melanie LeGoullon ◽  
Amos Freedy ◽  
Elan Freedy ◽  
Gershon Weltman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Adaptive Automation ◽  
Theory To Practice

Exploring the Central Executive in Situation Awareness

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdrabo Moghazy Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Global Assessment ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Central Executive ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Assessment Technique

Despite its significance, the central executive is the least explored component of working memory, particularly in complicated contexts. Exp. 1 investigated the role of executive control of working memory in situation awareness in a real-life driving simulation. Exp. 2 examined the extent to which taxing the central executive might affect situation awareness. High, Medium, and Low Situation Awareness groups were formed as assessed using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique. Executive function was measured using several tests. Results from Exp. 1 demonstrated that the Low Situation Awareness group performed significantly worse on all executive function tasks compared to High and Medium Situation Awareness groups. Findings from Exp. 2 suggested that concurrent load on the central executive dramatically affected the Low Situation Awareness group but not the High Situation Awareness group: the former had significantly more driving violations under central executive load.

The role of situation awareness for understanding signalling and control in rail operations

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 84-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Golightly ◽  
John R. Wilson ◽  
Emma Lowe ◽  
Sarah Sharples
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
And Control
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